After centuries of pestilence and decades of global vaccination, measles serotypes capable of evading vaccine-induced immunity have not emerged. Here, by systematically building mutations into the H-glycoprotein of an attenuated measles strain and assaying for serum neutralization, we show that virus evolution is severely constrained by the existence of numerous codominant H-glycoprotein antigenic sites, some critical for binding to pathogenicity receptors SLAMF1 and Nectin-4. We further demonstrate the existence in serum of protective neutralizing antibodies targeting codominant F-glycoprotein epitopes. Calculations suggest that evolution of pathogenic measles viruses capable of escaping serum neutralization in vaccinated individuals is a near-zero probability scenario.

中文翻译：

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致病性麻疹病毒无法进化以绕过疫苗诱导的中和抗体

经过几个世纪的瘟疫和数十年的全球疫苗接种之后，尚未出现能够规避疫苗诱导的免疫力的麻疹血清型。在这里，通过系统性地将减毒麻疹菌株的H-糖蛋白突变构建并检测血清中和作用，我们表明病毒的进化受到众多共轭H-糖蛋白抗原位点的存在的严重限制，其中某些对结合致病性受体SLAMF1至关重要和Nectin-4。我们进一步证明了靶向共轭F-糖蛋白表位的保护性中和抗体在血清中的存在。计算表明，能够在接种疫苗的个体中逃脱血清中和作用的致病性麻疹病毒的进化是接近零的可能性。