Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most devastating form of tuberculosis (TB), causing high mortality or disability. Clinical management of the disease is challenging due to limitations of the existing diagnostic approaches. Our knowledge on the immunology and pathogenesis of the disease is currently limited. More research is urgently needed to enhance our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the disease and guide us toward the identification of targets that may be useful for vaccines or host-directed therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the immunology and pathogenesis of TBM and summarize the literature on existing and new, especially biomarker-based, approaches that may be useful in the management of TBM. We identify research gaps and provide directions for research which may lead to the development of new tools for the control of the disease in the near future.

中文翻译：

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结核性脑膜炎：发病机制，免疫反应，诊断挑战和基于生物标志物的方法的潜力。

结核性脑膜炎（TBM）是结核病（TB）最具破坏性的形式，导致高死亡率或致残率。由于现有诊断方法的局限性，该疾病的临床管理具有挑战性。目前我们对这种疾病的免疫学和发病机制的了解有限。迫切需要进行更多的研究，以增进我们对疾病的免疫发病机制的了解，并指导我们确定可能对疫苗或宿主定向治疗有用的靶标。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关TBM免疫学和发病机理的最新知识，并总结了有关现有和新的，尤其是基于生物标记物的方法的文献，这些方法可能对TBM的管理有用。