Wetland ecosystems are critical habitats for various types of wild lives and are important components of global ecosystem. However, with climate change and human activities, wetlands are facing with degradation. Surface water and groundwater (SW-GW) interactions play an essential role in matter and energy cycling in wetlands, and therefore affect the evolution and health of wetlands. But the role of groundwater in wetland ecosystems has been neglected or simplified. In this paper, we reviewed how surface water interacts with groundwater, and made a systematic summarization of the role of SW-GW interactions (such as maintaining water balance and biological diversity and removing pollution) in wetland ecological functions. We also reviewed the methods to investigate, simulate and quantify SW-GW interactions and related reactions. Finally, we illustrated how climate change and human activities affect SW-GW interactions and therefore affect wetland functions. We highlight the importance of groundwater in wetlands and the urgency to intensify the research in integrated multidisciplinary monitoring and simulation methods, dominant variables and thresholds and integrated water resources management of SW-GW interactions, and further aim to stimulate better protection and restoration of wetlands all over the world.

湿地生态系统是各种野生生物的重要栖息地，是全球生态系统的重要组成部分。然而，随着气候变化和人类活动，湿地正面临退化。地表水和地下水（SW-GW）的相互作用在湿地的物质和能量循环中起着至关重要的作用，因此会影响湿地的演变和健康。但是，地下水在湿地生态系统中的作用已被忽略或简化。在本文中，我们回顾了地表水与地下水的相互作用，并系统总结了SW-GW相互作用（例如保持水平衡和生物多样性以及消除污染）在湿地生态功能中的作用。我们还回顾了调查，模拟和量化SW-GW相互作用和相关反应的方法。最后，我们举例说明了气候变化和人类活动如何影响SW-GW相互作用，从而影响湿地功能。我们着重强调了地下水在湿地中的重要性以及紧迫加大对综合性多学科监测和模拟方法，主要变量和阈值以及SW-GW相互作用的综合水资源管理研究的紧迫性，并进一步旨在激发对湿地的更好保护和恢复。全世界。