After recognition, NK cells can kill susceptible target cells through perforin‐dependent mechanisms or by inducing death receptor‐mediated apoptosis, and they can also secrete cytokines that are pivotal for immunomodulation. Despite the critical role as effector cells against tumors and virus‐infected cells, NK cells have been implicated in the regulation of T cell‐mediated responses in different models of autoimmunity, transplantation, and viral infections. Here, we review the mechanisms described for NK cell‐mediated inhibition of adaptive immune responses, with spotlight on the emerging evidence of their regulatory role that shapes antitumor immune responses.

中文翻译：

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NK细胞在感染和癌症期间的调节功能

识别后，NK细胞可以通过穿孔素依赖性机制或诱导死亡受体介导的细胞凋亡杀死易感的靶细胞，并且还可以分泌对于免疫调节至关重要的细胞因子。尽管NK细胞在对抗肿瘤和病毒感染的细胞中起着至关重要的作用，但在不同的自身免疫，移植和病毒感染模型中，NK细胞仍参与了T细胞介导的反应的调控。在这里，我们回顾了对NK细胞介导的适应性免疫反应抑制作用的描述机制，并重点介绍了其调节抗肿瘤免疫反应的调节作用的新证据。