To investigate the regulatory mechanism of the follicular–luteal phase transition in Turpan black sheep (Ovis aries), the genome‐wide expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes were investigated in ovaries of six sheep (3 years and single lamb with 3 consecutive births) during follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. Bioinformatic analysis was used to screen potential miRNAs and genes related to Turpan black sheep ovarian function. RT‐qPCR was used to validate the sequencing results. In total, we identified 139 known and 71 novel miRNAs in the two phases with miRNA‐seq, and a total of 19 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, of which 7 were up‐regulated and 12 were down‐regulated in the follicular phase compared with luteal phase. A total of 150 genes were significantly differentially expressed, including 63 up‐regulated and 87 down‐regulated in the follicular phase compared with the luteal phase by RNA‐seq data analysis. Those DEGs were significantly enriched in 103 GO terms and several KEGG pathways, including metabolic pathway, ovarian steroidogenesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis and oestrogen signalling pathway. In addition, we created a miRNA–mRNA regulatory network to further elucidate the mechanism of follicular–luteal transition. Finally, we identified key miRNAs and genes including miR‐143, miR‐99a, miR‐150, miR‐27a, miR‐125b, STAR, STAT1, which might play crucial roles in reproductive hormone biosynthesis and follicular development. The miRNA–mRNA interactive network clearly illustrates molecular basis involving in follicular–luteal transition.

中文翻译：

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吐鲁番黑羊卵泡期和黄体期卵巢中miRNA-mRNA相互作用的综合分析

探讨吐鲁番黑羊卵（卵） -黄体相变的调控机制），在发情周期的卵泡期和黄体期，对六只绵羊（3岁和单只羔羊，有3胎连续出生）的卵巢进行了microRNA（miRNA）和基因的全基因组表达模式研究。生物信息学分析用于筛选潜在的miRNA和与吐鲁番黑羊卵巢功能有关的基因。RT-qPCR用于验证测序结果。总的来说，我们在两个具有miRNA-seq的阶段鉴定了139个已知的miRNA和71个新的miRNA，与之相比，在卵泡期，共有19个miRNA显着差异表达，其中在卵泡期，有7个上调，有12个下调。黄体期。通过RNA-seq数据分析，与黄体期相比，总共有150个基因显着差异表达，其中卵泡期与黄体期相比有63个上调，而87个下调。那些DEGs在103个GO术语和几个KEGG途径中得到了丰富，包括代谢途径，卵巢类固醇生成，类固醇激素生物合成和雌激素信号传导途径。此外，我们创建了一个miRNA-mRNA调控网络，以进一步阐明卵泡-黄体转化的机制。最后，我们确定了关键的miRNA和基因，包括miR-143，miR-99a，miR-150，miR-27a，miR-125b，STAR，STAT1，可能在生殖激素的生物合成和卵泡发育中起关键作用。miRNA-mRNA相互作用网络清楚地说明了涉及卵泡-黄体转变的分子基础。