Animal and plant species around the world are being challenged by the deleterious effects of inbreeding, loss of genetic diversity, and maladaptation due to widespread habitat destruction and rapid climate change. In many cases, interventions will likely be needed to safeguard populations and species and to maintain functioning ecosystems. Strategies aimed at initiating, reinstating, or enhancing patterns of gene flow via the deliberate movement of genotypes around the environment are generating growing interest with broad applications in conservation and environmental management. These diverse strategies go by various names ranging from genetic or evolutionary rescue to provenancing and genetic resurrection. Our aim here is to provide some clarification around terminology and to how these strategies are connected and linked to underlying genetic processes. We draw on case studies from the literature and outline mechanisms that underlie how the various strategies aim to increase species fitness and impact the wider community. We argue that understanding mechanisms leading to species decline and community impact is a key to successful implementation of these strategies. We emphasize the need to consider the nature of source and recipient populations, as well as associated risks and trade‐offs for the various strategies. This overview highlights where strategies are likely to have potential at population, species, and ecosystem scales, but also where they should probably not be attempted depending on the overall aims of the intervention. We advocate an approach where short‐ and long‐term strategies are integrated into a decision framework that also considers nongenetic aspects of management.

中文翻译：

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人口管理中的遗传混合：从遗传拯救到种源

由于广泛的栖息地破坏和快速的气候变化，近亲繁殖，遗传多样性丧失和适应不良的有害影响正挑战着世界各地的动植物物种。在许多情况下，可能需要采取干预措施来保护种群和物种并维持正常运转的生态系统。旨在通过基因型在环境中的有意移动来启动，恢复或增强基因流模式的策略引起人们越来越广泛的兴趣，在保护和环境管理中有着广泛的应用。这些不同的策略有不同的名称，从遗传或进化拯救到起源和遗传复活。我们的目的是提供有关术语的澄清，以及这些策略如何与潜在的遗传过程关联和链接。我们从文献中借鉴案例研究，并概述了各种策略旨在提高物种适应性并​​影响更广泛社区的机制。我们认为，理解导致物种减少和社区影响的机制是成功实施这些策略的关键。我们强调需要考虑来源和接收者群体的性质，以及各种策略的相关风险和权衡。本概述重点介绍了在人口，物种和生态系统规模上可能具有潜力的策略，但根据干预的总体目标，也可能不应该尝试这些策略。