Hydroclimatic changes associated with global warming over the past 50 years have been documented widely, but physical landscape responses are poorly understood thus far. Detecting sedimentary and geomorphic signals of modern climate change presents challenges owing to short record lengths, difficulty resolving signals in stochastic natural systems, influences of land use and tectonic activity, long‐lasting effects of individual extreme events, and variable connectivity in sediment‐routing systems. We review existing literature to investigate the nature and extent of sedimentary and geomorphic responses to modern climate change, focusing on the western United States, a region with generally high relief and high sediment yield likely to be sensitive to climatic forcing. Based on fundamental geomorphic theory and empirical evidence from other regions, we anticipate climate‐driven changes to slope stability, watershed sediment yields, fluvial morphology, and aeolian sediment mobilization in the western United States. We find evidence for recent climate‐driven changes to slope stability and increased aeolian dune and dust activity, whereas changes in sediment yields and fluvial morphology have been linked more commonly to nonclimatic drivers thus far. Detecting effects of climate change will require better understanding how landscape response scales with disturbance, how lag times and hysteresis operate within sedimentary systems, and how to distinguish the relative influence and feedbacks of superimposed disturbances. The ability to constrain geomorphic and sedimentary response to rapidly progressing climate change has widespread implications for human health and safety, infrastructure, water security, economics, and ecosystem resilience.

中文翻译：

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现代气候变化的地貌和沉积作用：美国西部的当前和预期的未来状况

在过去的50年中，与全球变暖有关的水文气候变化已被广泛记录，但到目前为止，人们对自然景观的反应知之甚少。由于记录长度短，随机自然系统中信号的解析困难，土地利用和构造活动的影响，单个极端事件的长期影响以及沉积物路由系统中的可变连通性，检测现代气候变化的沉积和地貌信号提出了挑战。 。我们回顾了现有文献，以研究沉积物和地貌对现代气候变化的反应的性质和范围，重点是美国西部，该地区通常具有较高的起伏和较高的沉积物产量，可能对气候强迫敏感。基于基本的地貌理论和其他地区的经验证据，我们预计气候变化将导致美国西部边坡稳定性，分水岭沉积物产量，河流形态和风沙沉积物动员。我们发现了近期气候驱动的坡度稳定性变化和风沙丘和沙尘活动增加的证据，而沉积物产量的变化到目前为止，河流形态和河流形态与非气候驱动因素的联系更为普遍。探测气候变化的影响将需要更好地理解景观响应如何随扰动变化，沉积系统内滞后时间和滞后如何运行以及如何区分叠加扰动的相对影响和反馈。限制地貌和沉积对快速发展的气候变化的反应能力，对人类健康与安全，基础设施，水安全，