Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a superfamily of 18 proteins characterized by the PARP homology domain, the catalytic domain. This catalytic domain helps in the ADP‐ribosylation of various acceptor proteins using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a donor for ADP‐ribose. PARP‐1 and PARP‐2 carry out 80% of poly‐ADP‐ribosylation of cellular protein. Hence, their combined knockout results in embryonic lethality of mice. PARP‐1 consists of three major domains, namely, DNA binding domain, automodification domain, and a catalytic domain. These domains further consist of subdomains and motifs, which helps PARP‐1 in a diverse function. PARP‐1 is mainly involved in DNA damage detection and repair, but emerging evidence suggests its role in many other functions such as DNA synthesis, replication, apoptosis, necrosis, and cancer progression. Herein, we review the current state of the PARP‐1 role in DNA damage repair and other biological processes including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). We have also observed the role of PARP‐1 in modulating EMT regulators like E‐cadherin, Vimentin, Claudin‐1, Snail, Smad‐4, Twist‐1, and β‐catenin. Here, we have also attempted to relate the role of PARP‐1 in EMT of cancer cells.

中文翻译：

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聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶-1在正常细胞和癌细胞中作用的评估

聚 (ADP-核糖) 聚合酶 (PARP) 是 18 种蛋白质的超家族，其特征在于 PARP 同源域，即催化域。该催化结构域使用烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸 (NAD+) 作为 ADP-核糖的供体，有助于各种受体蛋白的 ADP-核糖基化。PARP-1 和 PARP-2 进行细胞蛋白质 80% 的聚 ADP 核糖基化。因此，它们的组合敲除导致小鼠的胚胎致死率。PARP-1由三个主要结构域组成，即DNA结合结构域、自修饰结构域和催化结构域。这些域进一步由子域和基序组成，这有助于 PARP-1 发挥不同的功能。PARP-1 主要参与 DNA 损伤检测和修复，但新出现的证据表明它在许多其他功能中发挥作用，如 DNA 合成、复制、细胞凋亡、坏死和癌症进展。在此，我们回顾了 PARP-1 在 DNA 损伤修复和其他生物过程中的作用的现状，包括上皮间质转化 (EMT)。我们还观察到 PARP-1 在调节 E-cadherin、波形蛋白、Claudin-1、Snail、Smad-4、Twist-1 和 β-catenin 等 EMT 调节因子中的作用。在这里，我们还试图将 PARP-1 在癌细胞 EMT 中的作用联系起来。