In this study, good energy storage properties are obtained via enhancing dielectric breakdown strength (DBS) in transparent ErBiO₃ (EB)-doped (K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃ (KNN-xEB) ceramics. The doping of EB makes a strong impact on the grain size and densities of KNN-based ceramics, which decreases the average grain size and enhances the densities significantly. A gradual transformation of crystal structures from orthorhombic to pseudocubic occurs via EB modification. Rietveld refinement is carried out to further investigate the influence of doped EB on the crystal structure, especially on the distortion degree of the pseudocubic phase. The domain structures change from irregular macroscopic and lamellar domains to nanodomains because of the donor doping of EB. The contribution of the second phase to DBS is also confirmed through first-principles calculation on the basis of density functional theory (DFT). The energy storage properties are also investigated with an energy storage density of W ∼ 2.68 J/cm³ and a recoverable energy storage density of W_rec ∼ 1.85 J/cm³ for the KNN-0.015EB ceramic, which also present a good thermal stability. The results imply that the KNN-xEB ceramics have huge potential for optical and energy storage applications as multifunctional materials.

中文翻译：

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掺ErBiO ₃（K，Na）NbO ₃无铅压电陶瓷的储能行为

在这项研究中，通过增强掺杂透明ErBiO ₃（EB）（K _0.5 Na _0.5）NbO ₃（KNN- x EB）陶瓷的介电击穿强度（DBS），可以获得良好的储能性能。EB的掺杂对KNN基陶瓷的晶粒尺寸和密度有很大影响，这会减小平均晶粒尺寸并显着提高密度。晶体结构，以仿立方体的逐渐转变，从斜方晶系发生经由EB修改。进行Rietveld精修以进一步研究掺杂的EB对晶体结构的影响，特别是对伪立方相的畸变程度。由于EB的给体掺杂，结构域结构从不规则的宏观和层状结构域变为纳米结构域。第二阶段对DBS的贡献也通过基于密度泛函理论（DFT）的第一原理计算得到证实。能量储存性能也研究了的能量存储密度W¯¯〜2.68焦耳/厘米³和的可回收能量存储密度W¯¯ _REC〜1.85焦耳/厘米³用于KNN-0.015EB陶瓷，它也具有良好的热稳定性。结果表明，KNN- x EB陶瓷作为多功能材料在光学和能量存储应用中具有巨大潜力。