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Diapause induction in Eotetranychus smithi (Acari: Tetranychidae): effect of average temperature, but not of thermoperiod
Physiological Entomology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 , DOI: 10.1111/phen.12335
Yujiro Takano 1 , Shin G. Goto 2 , Tetsuo Gotoh 1, 3
Affiliation  

Facultative diapause of Eotetranychus smithi appears to occur at the egg stage and is induced by temperatures ≤17.5 °C, independent of photoperiod. However, the effect of thermoperiod on the induction of diapause remains unclear. To answer this question, we exposed female E. smithi to various thermoperiods under constant light conditions. First, we found that the deposition order of eggs affected the incidence of diapause: the first eggs (exclusively males) tended to avert diapause compared with the second and third eggs (most of them are females), possibly because of the sex of the eggs. Next, the incidence of diapause of the second eggs decreased with shortening of the cryophase, which was associated with an increase of the average temperature, and it showed clear long‐day‐type thermoperiodic response curves. However, this species does not sense the ratio of day (thermophase) to night (cryophase) of a given thermoperiod. Short thermoperiods did not increase the incidence of diapause, but rather precluded the entry into diapause. We detected no sign of the involvement of the circadian system in diapause induction in the thermoperiodic Nanda–Hamner protocol. We conclude that diapause induction of E. smithi does not involve the circadian system, and thus does not show thermoperiodism. Diapause induction under the various thermoperiodic conditions tested in the present study appears to be derived from the temperature itself. E. smithi is an exceptional species that relies on temperature alone to induce diapause.

中文翻译:

致病史(Eotetranychus smithi(Acari:Tetranychidae))的滞育诱导:平均温度的影响,而不是热周期的影响

细小变形虫(Eotetranychus smithi)的兼性滞育似乎发生在卵期,是由温度≤17.5°C引起的,与光周期无关。但是,热周期对滞育的影响尚不清楚。为了回答这个问题,我们揭露了雌性史密斯犬在恒定光照条件下适应各种热周期。首先,我们发现卵的沉积顺序会影响滞育的发生率:与第二个和第三个卵(其中大多数是雌性)相比,第一个卵(仅雄性)倾向于避免滞育。 。接下来,第二个卵滞育的发生率随着冰冻期的缩短而降低,这与平均温度的升高有关,并且显示出清晰的长日型热周期响应曲线。但是,该物种无法感应给定热周期的白天(高温)与夜晚(低温)之比。短暂的高温期不会增加滞育的发生率,但是可以阻止其进入滞育状态。在热周期的Nanda-Hamner协议中,我们没有发现昼夜节律系统参与滞育诱导的迹象。我们得出结论,滞育诱导史密斯大肠杆菌不涉及昼夜节律系统,因此不表现出热周期。在本研究中测试的各种热周期条件下的滞育诱导似乎来自温度本身。铁匠是一种特殊的物种,仅依靠温度来诱导滞育。
更新日期:2020-10-22
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