Temperature has numerous effects on the structure and dynamics of ecological communities. Yet, there is no general trend or consensus on the magnitude and directions of these effects. To fill this gap, we propose a mechanistic framework based on key biological rates that predicts how temperature influences biomass distribution and trophic control in food webs. We show that these predictions arise from thermal mismatches between biological rates and across trophic levels. We couple our theory with experimental data for a wide range of species and find that warming should lead to top‐heavier terrestrial food chains and stronger top‐down control in aquatic environments. We then derive predictions for the effects of temperature on herbivory and validate them with data on stream grazers. Our study provides a mechanistic explanation of thermal effects on consumer–resource systems which is crucial to better understand the biogeography and the consequences of global warming on trophic dynamics.

中文翻译：

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生物速率的热失配决定了变暖下的营养控制和生物量分布

温度对生态群落的结构和动力学有许多影响。但是，关于这些影响的程度和方向尚无普遍趋势或共识。为了填补这一空白，我们提出了一种基于关键生物速率的机制框架，该机制可预测温度如何影响食物网中生物量的分布和营养控制。我们证明了这些预测是由于生物速率之间以及整个营养水平之间的热失配引起的。我们将理论与大量物种的实验数据相结合，发现变暖应导致陆地食物链最重，并在水生环境中加强自上而下的控制。然后，我们推导出温度对食草动物影响的预测，并使用溪流放牧者的数据对它们进行验证。