Natural marine sponges were used as sacrificial template for the fabrication of bioactive glass-based scaffolds. After sintering at 1050°C, the resulting samples were additionally coated with a silicate solution containing biologically active ions (Ag and Ga), well-known for their antibacterial properties. The produced scaffolds were characterized by superior mechanical properties (maximum compressive strength of 4 MPa) and total porosity of ~80% in comparison to standard scaffolds made by using PU foam templates. Direct cell culture tests performed on the uncoated and coated samples showed positive results in terms of adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from cells in contact with scaffold dissolution products was measured after 7 and 10 days of incubation, showing promising angiogenic results for bone tissue engineering applications. The antibacterial potential of the produced samples was assessed by performing agar diffusion tests against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

中文翻译：

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基于具有改善机械性能的天然海绵的 Ag 和 Ga 掺杂介孔玻璃涂层支架的制备和表征

天然海绵被用作制造生物活性玻璃基支架的牺牲模板。在 1050°C 下烧结后，所得样品另外涂有含有生物活性离子（Ag 和 Ga）的硅酸盐溶液，该离子以其抗菌性能而闻名。与使用 PU 泡沫模板制成的标准支架相比，所生产的支架具有优异的机械性能（最大抗压强度为 4 MPa）和约 80% 的总孔隙率。对未包被和包被的样品进行的直接细胞培养试验在 MC3T3-E1 细胞的粘附、增殖和分化方面显示出阳性结果。此外，在孵育 7 天和 10 天后，测量了与支架​​溶解产物接触的细胞分泌的血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)，在骨组织工程应用中显示出有希望的血管生成结果。通过对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌进行琼脂扩散试验来评估所生产样品的抗菌潜力。