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Extracellular vesicles from organoids and 3D culture systems
Biotechnology and Bioengineering ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 , DOI: 10.1002/bit.27606 Sara Abdollahi 1
Biotechnology and Bioengineering ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 , DOI: 10.1002/bit.27606 Sara Abdollahi 1
Affiliation
When discovered, extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes were thought of as junk carriers and a means by which the cell disposed of its waste material. Over the years, the role of EVs in cell communication has become apparent with the discovery that the nano‐scale vesicles also transport RNA, DNA, and other bioactive components to and from the cells. These findings were originally made in EVs from body fluids of organisms and from in vitro two‐dimensional (2D) cell culture models. Recently, organoids and other 3D multicellular in vitro models are being used to study EVs in the context of both physiologic and pathological states. However, standard, reproducible methods are lacking for EV analysis using these models. As a step toward understanding the implications of these platforms, this review provides a comprehensive picture of the progress using 3D in vitro culture models for EV analysis. Translational efforts and regulatory considerations for EV therapeutics are also briefly overviewed to understand what is needed for scale‐up and, ultimately, commercialization.
中文翻译:
来自类器官和 3D 培养系统的细胞外囊泡
当发现时,诸如外泌体之类的细胞外囊泡 (EV) 被认为是垃圾载体,是细胞处理其废物的一种手段。多年来,随着发现纳米级囊泡还可以将 RNA、DNA 和其他生物活性成分运入和运出细胞,电动汽车在细胞通讯中的作用变得显而易见。这些发现最初是在来自生物体液和体外二维 (2D) 细胞培养模型的 EV 中获得的。最近,类器官和其他 3D 多细胞体外模型被用于在生理和病理状态下研究 EV。然而,使用这些模型进行 EV 分析缺乏标准的、可重复的方法。作为了解这些平台含义的一步,本综述全面介绍了使用 3D 体外培养模型进行 EV 分析的进展情况。还简要概述了 EV 疗法的转化努力和监管考虑,以了解扩大规模和最终商业化所需的条件。
更新日期:2020-10-21
中文翻译:
来自类器官和 3D 培养系统的细胞外囊泡
当发现时,诸如外泌体之类的细胞外囊泡 (EV) 被认为是垃圾载体,是细胞处理其废物的一种手段。多年来,随着发现纳米级囊泡还可以将 RNA、DNA 和其他生物活性成分运入和运出细胞,电动汽车在细胞通讯中的作用变得显而易见。这些发现最初是在来自生物体液和体外二维 (2D) 细胞培养模型的 EV 中获得的。最近,类器官和其他 3D 多细胞体外模型被用于在生理和病理状态下研究 EV。然而,使用这些模型进行 EV 分析缺乏标准的、可重复的方法。作为了解这些平台含义的一步,本综述全面介绍了使用 3D 体外培养模型进行 EV 分析的进展情况。还简要概述了 EV 疗法的转化努力和监管考虑,以了解扩大规模和最终商业化所需的条件。