The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a serious pest of stored grain commodities worldwide which results in considerable losses to stored wheat, Triticum aestivum (Linn.). The present laboratory bioassay was carried out to examine the efficiency of the fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) formulation (Racer TM), and Neem extract (NE), Eucalyptus extract (EE), and Tobacco extract (TE) against 3rd instar larvae of T. castaneum. The fungal formulation was applied at 0.3 × 108, 0.6 × 108, and 0.9 × 108 conidia kg−1 of the crushed wheat grains; as well, it was mixed separately with 5% concentrations of each plant extract under the laboratory conditions of 30 ± 2 °C and 65 ± 5% RH. Mortality rate of the tested larvae was enumerated after regular intervals of times. Mortality of the larvae increased at the highest combined concentrations of the fungal conidial formulation and the plant extracts rather than their single treatments. The highest mortality rate of the larvae (71.32%) was recorded at the highest concentration binary mixture of (Racer TM +NE), whereas relatively the lowest mortality rate (15.54%) was enumerated in the combined treatments of (Racer TM +NE). Furthermore, the highest separate concentration of B. bassiana (0.9 × 108 conidia/ml) persistently resulted in more larval mortality (32.68%) of 3rd instar larvae of T. castaneum than the plant extracts (7.52, 9.89, and 14.61%), respectively. A noticeably greater rate of mycosis and sporulation was counted in the larvae of the insect in separate treatments of B. bassiana than in its combined applications with the plant extracts. The highest mycosis (85.13%) and sporulation (160.12 conidia/ml) was detected in the treatment, where the lowest concentration of B. bassiana (0.3 × 108 conidia/ml) was used, alone. Hence, it was concluded that integrated use of these two bio-pesticides plus the fungus can be helpful in the integrated pest management program of T. castaneum.

中文翻译：

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一些植物药和昆虫致病性真菌球孢白僵菌（Balveria bassiana，巴尔氏）与红色面粉甲虫Tribolium castaneum（Herbst）的相容性（鞘翅目：Tenebrionidae）

红色面粉甲虫Tribolium castaneum（Herbst）（鞘翅目：Tenebrionidae）是世界范围内储存的谷物商品的严重害虫，导致储存的小麦Triticum aestivum（Linn。）遭受重大损失。进行本实验室生物测定以检查真菌，球孢白僵菌（Balveria bassiana（Bals。）制剂（Racer TM）和印em提取物（NE），桉树提取物（EE）和烟草提取物（TE）对三龄幼虫的效率。 T. castaneum。霉菌制剂的施用量为小麦碎粒的子孢子kg-1的0.3×108、0.6×108和0.9×108；同样，在30±2°C和65±5％RH的实验室条件下，将其分别与5％浓度的每种植物提取物混合。在规律的时间间隔后，计算被测幼虫的死亡率。在真菌分生孢子制剂和植物提取物的最高组合浓度下，幼虫的死亡率增加，而不是单一处理。在（Racer TM + NE）的最高浓度二元混合物中，幼虫的最高死亡率（71.32％）被记录，而在（Racer TM + NE）的联合治疗中，相对最低的死亡率（15.54％）被枚举。 。此外，最高的球孢杆菌（B. bassiana）浓度（0.9×108分生孢子/ ml）持续导致比植物提取物（7.52％，9.89％和14.61％）多的cast树三龄幼虫的幼虫死亡率（32.68％），分别。在单独的球孢白僵菌处理中，昆虫幼虫的真菌病和孢子形成比在与植物提取物的组合应用中明显更高。在该处理中检测到最高的真菌病（85.13％）和孢子形成（160.12分生孢子/ ml），其中单独使用最低浓度的球孢杆菌（0.3×108分生孢子/ ml）。因此，得出的结论是，这两种生物农药加上真菌的综合使用可以对锥栗木的综合害虫管理计划有所帮助。