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Internalization of the host alkaline pH signal in a fungal pathogen
bioRxiv - Cell Biology Pub Date : 2020-10-19 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.19.345280
Hannah E. Brown , Kaila M. Pianalto , Caroline M. Fernandes , Katherine D. Mueller , Maurizio Del Poeta , J. Andrew Alspaugh

The ability for cells to internalize extracellular cues allows them to adapt to novel and stressful environments. This adaptability is especially important for microbial pathogens that must sense and respond to drastic changes when encountering the human host. Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental fungus and opportunistic pathogen that naturally lives in slightly acidic reservoirs, but must adapt to the relative increase in alkalinity in the human host in order to effectively cause disease. The fungal-specific Rim alkaline response signaling pathway effectively converts this extracellular signal into an adaptive cellular response allowing the pathogen to survive in its new environment. The newly identified Rra1 protein, the most upstream component of the C. neoformans Rim pathway, is an essential component of this alkaline response. Previous work connected Rra1-mediated signaling to the dynamics of the plasma membrane. Here we identify the specific mechanisms of Rim pathway signaling through detailed studies of the activation of the Rra1 protein. Specifically, we observe that the Rra1 protein is internalized and recycled in a pH-dependent manner, and that this dynamic pattern of localization further depends on specific residues in its C-terminal tail, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and the integrity of the plasma membrane. The data presented here continue to unravel the complex and intricate processes of pH-sensing in a relevant human fungal pathogen. These studies will further elucidate general mechanisms by which cells respond to and internalize extracellular stress signals.

中文翻译:

真菌病原体中宿主碱性pH信号的内在化

细胞内在化细胞外线索的能力使它们能够适应新的压力环境。这种适应性对于微生物病原体尤其重要,因为微生物病原体在遇到人类宿主时必须感知并应对剧烈变化。新型隐球菌是一种环境真菌和机会病原体,其自然生活在微酸性的水库中,但必须适应人类宿主中碱度的相对增加才能有效地引起疾病。真菌特异性Rim碱性反应信号通路可有效地将此细胞外信号转化为适应性细胞反应,使病原体能够在新环境中生存。新鉴定的Rra1蛋白是新孢子虫Rim途径的最上游组分,是这种碱性反应的重要组分。先前的工作将Rra1介导的信号传导与质膜动力学联系起来。在这里,我们通过对Rra1蛋白激活的详细研究来确定Rim信号通路的具体机制。具体来说,我们观察到Rra1蛋白以pH依赖的方式被内化和再循环,并且这种动态的定位模式进一步取决于其C末端尾巴中的特定残基,网格蛋白介导的内吞作用和质膜的完整性。此处提供的数据继续揭示了相关人类真菌病原体中pH传感的复杂过程。这些研究将进一步阐明细胞响应并内化细胞外应激信号的一般机制。在这里,我们通过对Rra1蛋白激活的详细研究来确定Rim信号通路的具体机制。具体来说,我们观察到Rra1蛋白以pH依赖的方式被内化和再循环,并且这种动态的定位模式进一步取决于其C末端尾巴中的特定残基,网格蛋白介导的内吞作用和质膜的完整性。此处提供的数据继续揭示了相关人类真菌病原体中pH传感的复杂过程。这些研究将进一步阐明细胞响应并内化细胞外应激信号的一般机制。在这里,我们通过对Rra1蛋白激活的详细研究来确定Rim信号通路的具体机制。具体来说,我们观察到Rra1蛋白以pH依赖的方式被内化和再循环,并且这种动态的定位模式进一步取决于其C末端尾巴中的特定残基,网格蛋白介导的内吞作用和质膜的完整性。此处提供的数据继续揭示了相关人类真菌病原体中pH传感的复杂过程。这些研究将进一步阐明细胞响应并内化细胞外应激信号的一般机制。我们观察到Rra1蛋白被内在化并以pH依赖的方式回收,并且这种动态的定位模式进一步取决于其C末端尾巴,网格蛋白介导的内吞作用和质膜完整性的特定残基。此处提供的数据继续揭示了相关人类真菌病原体中pH传感的复杂过程。这些研究将进一步阐明细胞响应并内化细胞外应激信号的一般机制。我们观察到Rra1蛋白被内在化并以pH依赖的方式回收,并且这种动态的定位模式进一步取决于其C末端尾巴,网格蛋白介导的内吞作用和质膜完整性的特定残基。此处提供的数据继续揭示了相关人类真菌病原体中pH传感的复杂过程。这些研究将进一步阐明细胞响应并内化细胞外应激信号的一般机制。
更新日期:2020-10-20
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