NO${}_x$ emissions from lightning have been added to the CHIMERE v2020r1 model using a parameterization based on convective clouds. In order to estimate the impact of these emissions on pollutant concentrations, two simulations, using the online coupled WRF-CHIMERE models with and without NO${}_x$ emissions from lightning, have been carried out over the months of July and August 2013 and over a large area covering Europe and the northern part of Africa. The results show that these emissions modify the pollutant concentrations as well as the meteorology. The changes are most significant where the strongest emissions are located. Adding these emissions improves Aerosol Optical Depth in Africa but has a limited impact on the surface concentrations of pollutants in Europe. For the two-month average we find that the maximum changes are localized and may reach ±0.5 K for 2 m temperature, ±0.5 m s${}^{-1}$ for 10 m wind speed, 10 W m${}^{-2}$ for short wave radiation surface flux, and 50 and 2 $\mathsf{\mu }$g m${}^{-3}$ for dust and sea salt surface concentrations, respectively. This leads to maximum changes of 1 $\mathsf{\mu }$g m${}^{-3}$ for surface concentrations of PM${}_{2.5}$.

中文翻译：

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NOx排放对非洲和欧洲大气成分和气象的影响

没有${}_X$使用基于对流云的参数化，将闪电产生的辐射添加到CHIMERE v2020r1模型中。为了估算这些排放物对污染物浓度的影响，使用在线耦合的WRF-CHIMERE模型（带或不带NO）进行两次模拟${}_X$2013年7月和2013年8月以及覆盖欧洲和非洲北部的大部分地区都进行了雷电排放。结果表明，这些排放物改变了污染物浓度以及气象学。这些变化在排放量最大的位置最为重要。添加这些排放物可以改善非洲的气溶胶光学深度，但对欧洲污染物的表面浓度影响有限。对于两个月的平均值，我们发现最大变化是局部的，在2 m温度下可能达到±0.5 K，在±0.5 ms内${}^{-\mathrm{1个}}$ 风速为10 m时为10 W m${}^{-2}$ 用于短波辐射表面通量，以及50和2 $\mathsf{\mu }$gm${}^{-3}$分别测量粉尘和海盐表面浓度。这导致最大变化为1$\mathsf{\mu }$gm${}^{-3}$ 用于PM的表面浓度${}_{2。5}$。