In prokaryotes, the key players in transcription initiation are sigma factors and transcription factors that bind to DNA to modulate the process, while premature transcription termination at the 5′ end of the genes is regulated by attenuation and, in particular, by attenuation associated with riboswitches. In this study, we describe the distribution of these regulators across phylogenetic groups of bacteria and archaea and find that their abundance not only depends on the genome size, as previously described, but also varies according to the phylogeny of the organism. Furthermore, we observed a tendency for organisms to compensate for the low frequencies of a particular type of regulatory element (i.e., transcription factors) with a high frequency of other types of regulatory elements (i.e., sigma factors). This study provides a comprehensive description of the more abundant COG, KEGG, and Rfam families of transcriptional regulators present in prokaryotic genomes.

中文翻译：

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在细菌和古细菌中使用调控元件（转录因子，西格玛因子和核糖开关）的补充趋势

在原核生物中，转录起始的关键参与者是sigma因子和与DNA结合以调节该过程的转录因子，而基因5'端的过早转录终止则受衰减（尤其是与核糖开关相关的衰减）的调节。 。在这项研究中，我们描述了这些调节因子在细菌和古细菌的系统发育组中的分布，发现它们的丰度不仅取决于基因组大小（如前所述），而且还根据生物体的系统发育而变化。此外，我们观察到生物趋向于以高频率的其他类型的调控元件（即sigma因子）补偿特定类型的调控元件（即转录因子）的低频。