The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system and confers benefits or disease susceptibility to the host. Emerging studies have indicated the gut microbiota could affect pulmonary health and disease through cross talk between the gut microbiota and the lungs. Gut microbiota dysbiosis could lead to acute or chronic lung disease, such as asthma, tuberculosis, and lung cancer. In addition, the composition of the gut microbiota may be associated with different lung diseases, the prevalence of which also varies by age. Modulation of the gut microbiota through short-chain fatty acids, probiotics, and micronutrients may present potential therapeutic strategies to protect against lung diseases. In this review, we will provide an overview of the cross-talk between the gut microbiota and the lungs, as well as elucidate the underlying pathogenesis and/or potential therapeutic strategies of some lung diseases from the point of view of the gut microbiota.

中文翻译：

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肠道菌群：与肺稳态和疾病的新兴联系

肠道菌群在免疫系统的发育中起着至关重要的作用，并赋予宿主好处或疾病易感性。新兴研究表明，肠道菌群可通过肠道菌群与肺之间的串扰影响肺部健康和疾病。肠道菌群失调可能导致急性或慢性肺部疾病，例如哮喘，结核病和肺癌。此外，肠道菌群的组成可能与不同的肺部疾病有关，其患病率也随年龄而变化。通过短链脂肪酸，益生菌和微量营养素对肠道菌群的调节可能会提出潜在的治疗策略，以预防肺部疾病。在这篇评论中，我们将概述肠道菌群与肺之间的串扰，