Thermal load has been a haunting factor that undermines the brightness and coherence of the self‐seeded X‐ray free‐electron laser. Different from uniformly pulsed mode, in pulse train mode a thermal quasi‐steady state of the crystal monochromator may not be reached. This leads to a dynamic thermal distortion of the spectral transmission curves and seed quality degradation. In this paper, the pulse‐to‐pulse thermal load effects on the spectral transmission curves and seed quality are shown, and some instructive information for the tuning process is provided.

中文翻译：

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脉冲串模式自种X射线自由电子激光器中的动态脉冲间热负荷效应

热负荷一直困扰着自发光的X射线自由电子激光器的亮度和相干性。与均匀脉冲模式不同，在脉冲序列模式下，晶体单色仪的热准稳态可能无法达到。这导致光谱透射曲线的动态热变形和种子质量下降。本文显示了脉冲间的热负荷对光谱传输曲线和种子质量的影响，并提供了一些有关调谐过程的指导性信息。