Carbon nanomaterials and nanocomposites are playing a crucial role in modern science and technology. This review summarizes a kind of high-power technology (including detonation, pulsed-laser ablation, arc-electric, joule & induction heating, and microwave-induced plasma) that can synthesis such nanomaterials in seconds. First, the history and equipment setup of high-power instant-synthesis technology (HIT) are introduced. Thereafter, the growth mechanisms of carbon nanomaterials and nanocomposites are thoroughly discussed, followed by the recent developments of HIT-synthesized nanomaterials for catalyst, energy storage, and conversion applications. A comparison of the key apparatus of HIT is also presented to give a comprehensive understanding in synthesizing nanoparticles rapidly, controllably, inexpensively, and safely. Finally, the conclusion covers novel designs for promising applications, the feasibilities of mass-production, as well as the environmental considerations.

碳纳米材料和纳米复合材料在现代科学技术中起着至关重要的作用。这篇综述总结了一种可以在几秒钟内合成这种纳米材料的高功率技术（包括爆轰，脉冲激光烧蚀，电弧电，焦耳和感应加热以及微波感应等离子体）。首先，介绍了大功率即时合成技术（HIT）的历史和设备设置。此后，彻底讨论了碳纳米材料和纳米复合材料的生长机理，随后是HIT合成的纳米材料在催化剂，储能和转化应用中的最新发展。还介绍了HIT关键设备的比较，以提供对快速，可控，廉价和安全地合成纳米粒子的全面理解。最后，