Active mechanical metamaterials are emerging materials receiving tremendous attention in the past decades. Additive manufacturing (AM, or 3D printing) techniques empower the rational design and fabrication of complex, multiscale architectures that enable unprecedented mechanical properties and functionality of metamaterials. Moreover, the use of smart or stimuli-responsive materials for AM of active mechanical metamaterials offers new capabilities to program the mechanical, acoustic, or other functional properties. Herein, we present an overview of recent advances in AM of active mechanical metamaterials. The primary AM techniques used for mechanical metamaterial fabrication are discussed first. Several mechanical metamaterial structures and designs enabled by AM are summarized. Active mechanical metamaterial designs utilizing different stimuli, such as solvents, heat, and magnetic field, are introduced. Additionally, some functional applications of active material systems to create transforming mechanical metamaterials are included. Finally, the outlook and challenges for future research in this field are provided.

有源机械超材料是新兴材料，在过去的几十年中受到了极大的关注。增材制造（AM或3D打印）技术可对复杂的多尺度体系结构进行合理的设计和制造，从而实现超材料的前所未有的机械性能和功能。此外，将智能或刺激响应材料用于主动机械超材料的增材制造提供了对机械，声学或其他功能特性进行编程的新功能。本文中，我们概述了主动机械超材料在增材制造方面的最新进展。首先讨论用于机械超材料制造的主要AM技术。总结了AM支持的几种机械超材料结构和设计。采用不同刺激的主动机械超材料设计，例如溶剂，热和磁场。另外，还包括活性材料系统在创建变形机械超材料方面的一些功能应用。最后，提供了该领域未来研究的前景和挑战。