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Chickens, weeds, and the production of green middle-class identity through urban agriculture in deindustrial Michigan, USA
Agriculture and Human Values ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s10460-020-10174-x
Megan Maurer

In recent decades, urban agriculture has drawn practitioners seeking ways to increase both environmental sustainability and social equity in their cities. The practice has also drawn criticism for the ways it reproduces inequalities based on differences of class and race. In this paper, I argue contestations around urban agriculture are part of ongoing yet shifting processes of class formation intersecting with racial differentiation, in particular the emergence of green middle-class identity. Drawing on fourteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in a small city in Michigan, USA, I examine urban agriculture as a historic spatial and aesthetic practice, drawing on examples of chicken-keeping, permaculture-style gardening, and concerns with neatness and blight. By positioning urban agriculture within historical narratives of landscape aesthetics and land use policy, I demonstrate how this practice becomes bound up in the ongoing production of class distinctions and inequalities. Throughout, I draw attention to how processes of class formation unfold in ways that diverge from, or are in excess of, local gardeners’ and agriculturalists’ intentions. In conclusion, I gesture to the ways the instability and dynamism of class formation via urban agriculture presents opportunities for addressing the reproduction of race- and class-based inequalities and for nurturing more equitable and sustainable forms of urban agriculture practice.

中文翻译:

鸡、杂草和通过美国密歇根州去工业化城市农业生产绿色中产阶级身份

近几十年来,都市农业吸引了从业者寻求提高城市环境可持续性和社会公平的方法。这种做法还因其再现基于阶级和种族差异的不平等的方式而受到批评。在本文中,我认为围绕都市农业的争论是与种族分化交叉的阶级形成过程的一部分,尤其是绿色中产阶级身份的出现。在美国密歇根州的一个小城市进行了 14 个月的民族志实地考察,我将都市农业作为一种历史性的空间和美学实践,借鉴养​​鸡、永续农业式园艺的例子,以及对整洁和枯萎的​​关注。通过将都市农业定位在景观美学和土地使用政策的历史叙述中,我展示了这种实践如何与不断产生的阶级差异和不平等联系在一起。在整个过程中,我提请注意阶级形成过程如何以与当地园丁和农学家的意图不同或超出其意图的方式展开。总之,我指出了通过都市农业形成的阶级形成的不稳定性和活力,为解决基于种族和阶级的不平等现象的再生产以及培育更公平和可持续的都市农业实践形式提供了机会。我提请注意阶级形成过程如何以与当地园丁和农学家的意图不同或超出其意图的方式展开。总之,我指出了通过都市农业形成的阶级形成的不稳定性和活力,为解决基于种族和阶级的不平等现象的再生产以及培育更公平和可持续的都市农业实践形式提供了机会。我提请注意阶级形成过程如何以与当地园丁和农学家的意图不同或超出其意图的方式展开。总之,我指出了通过都市农业形成的阶级形成的不稳定性和活力,为解决基于种族和阶级的不平等现象的再生产以及培育更公平和可持续的都市农业实践形式提供了机会。
更新日期:2020-10-20
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