Abstract

The current state and issues of plasma disposal are discussed. Various types of plasma torches used for disposal, the technological schemes of existing plasma systems, a plasma torch with an expanding output electrode, equipment characteristics, diagnostic methods for the design of an effective low-temperature plasma generator, and the studying of the effects of a high-enthalpy plasma jet generated by a direct-current plasma torch on a solid target material are described. The results obtained via high-speed imaging, micropyrometry, laser profilometry, spectroscopy, and stereoscopy methods are presented. The data on spatial and temporal changes of the temperature field on the sample surface, the dynamics of material loss, and changes in the parameters (temperature and electron density, temperature of heavy particles) of the plasma-jet incident on the sample are analyzed. The collected theoretical and experimental results and engineering solutions can be used to design various low-temperature plasma generators with a power of up to 1 MW and higher.

中文翻译：

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生态问题中的等离子体处理（综述）

摘要

讨论了等离子体处理的现状和问题。用于处置的各种类型的等离子炬，现有等离子系统的技术方案，带有扩展输出电极的等离子炬，设备特性，用于设计有效的低温等离子发生器的诊断方法以及对等离子炬的影响的研究描述了由直流等离子体炬在固体靶材上产生的高焓等离子体射流。介绍了通过高速成像，显微高温法，激光轮廓测定法，光谱学和立体镜方法获得的结果。样品表面温度场的时空变化，材料损失动态以及参数（温度和电子密度，分析入射在样品上的等离子流的重质温度）。收集的理论和实验结果以及工程解决方案可用于设计功率高达1 MW或更高的各种低温等离子体发生器。