Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a rapidly developing super-resolution technology. It has been widely used in various application fields of biomedicine due to its excellent two- and three-dimensional imaging capabilities. Furthermore, faster three-dimensional imaging methods are required to help enable more research-oriented living cell imaging. In this paper, a fast and sensitive three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy based on asymmetric three-beam interference is proposed. An innovative time-series acquisition method is employed to halve the time required to obtain each raw image. A segmented half-wave plate as a substantial linear polarization modulation method is applied to the three-dimensional SIM system for the first time. Although it needs to acquire 21 raw images instead of 15 to reconstruct one super-resolution image, the SIM setup proposed in this paper is 30% faster than the traditional spatial light modulator-SIM (SLM-SIM) in imaging each super-resolution image. The related theoretical derivation, hardware system, and verification experiment are elaborated in this paper. The stable and fast 3D super-resolution imaging method proposed in this paper is of great significance to the research of organelle interaction, intercellular communication, and other biomedical fields.

中文翻译：

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基于非对称三光束干涉的结构照明显微镜

结构照明显微镜 (SIM) 是一种快速发展的超分辨率技术。由于其出色的二维和三维成像能力，它已广泛应用于生物医学的各个应用领域。此外，需要更快的三维成像方法来帮助实现更多以研究为导向的活细胞成像。本文提出了一种基于非对称三光束干涉的快速灵敏的三维结构照明显微镜。采用创新的时间序列采集方法将获取每个原始图像所需的时间减半。分段半波片作为一种实质性的线性偏振调制方法首次应用于三维SIM系统。虽然重建一张超分辨率图像需要获取 21 张原始图像而不是 15 张原始图像，但本文提出的 SIM 设置在对每张超分辨率图像的成像方面比传统的空间光调制器 SIM (SLM-SIM) 快 30% . 本文详细阐述了相关的理论推导、硬件系统和验证实验。本文提出的稳定、快速的3D超分辨率成像方法对细胞器相互作用、细胞间通讯等生物医学领域的研究具有重要意义。