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The Evolution of the Baryons Associated with Galaxies Averaged over Cosmic Time and Space
The Astrophysical Journal ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 , DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abb82e
Fabian Walter 1, 2 , Chris Carilli 2 , Marcel Neeleman 1 , Roberto Decarli 3 , Gerg Popping 4 , Rachel S. Somerville 5, 6 , Manuel Aravena 7 , Frank Bertoldi 8 , Leindert Boogaard 9 , Pierre Cox 10 , Elisabete da Cunha 11 , Benjamin Magnelli 8 , Danail Obreschkow 11 , Dominik Riechers 12 , Hans-Walter Rix 1 , Ian Smail 13 , Axel Weiss 14 , Roberto J. Assef 7 , Franz Bauer 15, 16, 17 , Rychard Bouwens 9 , Thierry Contini 18 , Paulo C. Cortes 19, 20 , Emanuele Daddi 21 , Tanio Diaz-Santos 7, 22, 23 , Jorge Gonzlez-Lpez 7 , Joseph Hennawi 24 , Jacqueline A. Hodge 9 , Hanae Inami 25 , Rob Ivison 4 , Pascal Oesch 26, 27 , Mark Sargent 28 , Paul van der Werf 29 , Jeff Wagg 30 , L. Y. Aaron Yung 5
Affiliation  

We combine the recent determination of the evolution of the cosmic density of molecular gas (H_2) using deep, volumetric surveys, with previous estimates of the cosmic density of stellar mass, star formation rate and atomic gas (HI), to constrain the evolution of baryons associated with galaxies averaged over cosmic time and space. The cosmic HI and H_2 densities are roughly equal at z~1.5. The H_2 density then decreases by a factor 6^{+3}_{-2} to today's value, whereas the HI density stays approximately constant. The stellar mass density is increasing continuously with time and surpasses that of the total gas density (HI and H_2) at redshift z~1.5. The growth in stellar mass cannot be accounted for by the decrease in cosmic H_2 density, necessitating significant accretion of additional gas onto galaxies. With the new H_2 constraints, we postulate and put observational constraints on a two step gas accretion process: (i) a net infall of ionized gas from the intergalactic/circumgalactic medium to refuel the extended HI reservoirs, and (ii) a net inflow of HI and subsequent conversion to H_2 in the galaxy centers. Both the infall and inflow rate densities have decreased by almost an order of magnitude since z~2. Assuming that the current trends continue, the cosmic molecular gas density will further decrease by about a factor of two over the next 5 Gyr, the stellar mass will increase by approximately 10%, and cosmic star formation activity will decline steadily toward zero, as the gas infall and accretion shut down.

中文翻译:

与星系相关的重子在宇宙时间和空间上的平均演化

我们将最近使用深度体积测量确定的分子气体 (H_2) 的宇宙密度演化与先前对恒星质量、恒星形成率和原子气体 (HI) 的宇宙密度的估计相结合,以限制与星系相关的重子在宇宙时间和空间上平均。宇宙 HI 和 H_2 密度在 z~1.5 处大致相等。H_2 密度然后以因子 6^{+3}_{-2} 减小到今天的值,而 HI 密度保持近似恒定。恒星质量密度随时间不断增加,在红移 z~1.5 时超过气体总密度(HI 和 H_2)。恒星质量的增长不能用宇宙 H_2 密度的降低来解释,这需要额外的气体大量吸积到星系上。使用新的 H_2 约束,我们假设和对两步气体吸积过程施加观测约束:(i)来自星系际/环星系介质的电离气体的净流入,为扩展的 HI 储层补充燃料,以及(ii)HI 的净流入并随后转化为 H_2在星系中心。自 z~2 以来,流入量和流入量密度都降低了几乎一个数量级。假设目前的趋势继续下去,未来 5 Gyr 宇宙分子气体密度将进一步下降约 2 倍,恒星质量将增加约 10%,宇宙恒星形成活动将稳步下降至零,因为气体流入和吸积关闭。(i) 来自星系际/环星系介质的电离气体的净流入,为扩展的 HI 库补充燃料,以及 (ii) HI 的净流入,随后在星系中心转化为 H_2。自 z~2 以来,流入量和流入量密度都降低了几乎一个数量级。假设目前的趋势继续下去,未来 5 Gyr 宇宙分子气体密度将进一步下降约 2 倍,恒星质量将增加约 10%,宇宙恒星形成活动将稳步下降至零,因为气体流入和吸积关闭。(i) 来自星系际/环星系介质的电离气体的净流入,为扩展的 HI 库补充燃料,以及 (ii) HI 的净流入,随后在星系中心转化为 H_2。自 z~2 以来,流入量和流入量密度都降低了几乎一个数量级。假设目前的趋势继续下去,未来 5 Gyr 宇宙分子气体密度将进一步下降约 2 倍,恒星质量将增加约 10%,宇宙恒星形成活动将稳步下降至零,因为气体流入和吸积关闭。
更新日期:2020-10-19
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