We propose that the flux-rope Ω loop that emerges to become any bipolar magnetic region (BMR) is made by a convection cell of the Ω-loop’s size from initially horizontal magnetic field ingested through the cell’s bottom. This idea is based on (1) observed characteristics of BMRs of all spans (∼1000 to ∼200,000 km), (2) a well-known simulation of the production of a BMR by a supergranule-sized convection cell from horizontal field placed at cell bottom, and (3) a well-known convection-zone simulation. From the observations and simulations, we (1) infer that the strength of the field ingested by the biggest convection cells (giant cells) to make the biggest BMR Ω loops is ∼10 3 G, (2) plausibly explain why the span and flux of the biggest observed BMRs are ∼200,000 km and ∼10 22 Mx, (3) suggest how giant cells might also make “failed-BMR” Ω loops that populate the upper convection zone with horizontal field, from which smaller convection cells make BMR Ω loops ...

中文翻译：

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对流电池制作各种尺寸太阳双极磁场区域的磁通量Ω环的研究

我们提出，通向具有任何Ω环大小的对流单元的磁通量Ω环路是由通过该单元底部吸收的初始水平磁场构成的，该对流单元的尺寸为Ω环。这个想法是基于（1）观察到的所有跨度（〜1000至〜200,000 km）的BMR的特征，（2）一个超模拟的对流单元通过放置在水平方向上的水平场产生BMR的众所周知的模拟。单元底部，以及（3）众所周知的对流区模拟。从观察和模拟中，我们（1）推断出最大对流单元（巨型细胞）摄取的形成最大BMRΩ环的电场强度约为10 3 G，（2）合理地解释了为何跨度和通量观测到的最大BMR约为200,000 km和10 22 Mx，