The past hundred years marked the golden era of cosmic explorations. Our knowledge about the universe has reached an unprecedented depth attributing to the theoretical and observational developments. Meanwhile new challenges emerge leading to the continued excitement in probing cosmic mysteries. Because of the statistical nature, large astronomical surveys become increasingly important in cosmological studies. They can provide massive data to shed light on our understanding about the cosmos. In this article, we will discuss the knowns and unknowns about the universe from past and current studies. Expectations from next generation of large surveys and the challenges therein will also be presented.

中文翻译：

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大型测量时代的精密宇宙学

过去的一百年标志着宇宙探索的黄金时代。我们对宇宙的了解达到了空前的深度，这归因于理论和观察的发展。同时，新的挑战出现，导致探索宇宙奥秘的持续兴奋。由于统计的性质，大型天文测量在宇宙学研究中变得越来越重要。它们可以提供大量数据，以阐明我们对宇宙的了解。在本文中，我们将讨论来自过去和当前研究的关于宇宙的已知与未知。还将提出下一代大型调查的期望以及其中的挑战。