Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that acts as a requisite role in many aspects of the plant life cycle, and it is also a regulator of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, we attempt to provide comprehensive information through analyses of existing data using bioinformatics tools to compare the identified ethylene biosynthesis genes between Arabidopsis (as dicotyledonous) and rice (as monocotyledonous). The results exposed that the Arabidopsis proteins of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway had more potential glycosylation sites than rice, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase proteins were less phosphorylated than 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase and S-adenosylmethionine proteins. According to the gene expression patterns, S-adenosylmethionine genes were more involved in the rice-ripening stage while in Arabidopsis, ACS2, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase genes were contributed to seed maturity. Furthermore, the result of miRNA targeting the transcript sequences showed that ath-miR843 and osa-miR1858 play a key role to regulate the post-transcription modification of S-adenosylmethionine genes in Arabidopsis and rice, respectively. The discovered cis- motifs in the promoter site of all the ethylene biosynthesis genes of A. thaliana genes were engaged to light-induced response in the cotyledon and root genes, sulfur-responsive element, dehydration, cell cycle phase-independent activation, and salicylic acid. The ACS4 protein prediction demonstrated strong protein-protein interaction in Arabidopsis, as well as, SAM2, Os04T0578000, Os01T0192900, and Os03T0727600 predicted strong protein-protein interactions in rice. In the current study, the complex between miRNAs with transcript sequences of ethylene biosynthesis genes in A. thaliana and O. sativa were identified, which could be helpful to understand the gene expression regulation after the transcription process. The binding sites of common transcription factors such as MYB, WRKY, and ABRE that control target genes in abiotic and biotic stresses were generally distributed in promoter sites of ethylene biosynthesis genes of A. thaliana. This was the first time to wide explore the ethylene biosynthesis pathway using bioinformatics tools that markedly showed the capability of the in silico study to integrate existing data and knowledge and furnish novel insights into the understanding of underlying ethylene biosynthesis pathway genes that will be helpful for more dissection.

中文翻译：

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拟南芥和水稻中乙烯生物合成途径相关基因的见解

乙烯是一种气态植物激素，在植物生命周期的许多方面起着必不可少的作用，它也是调节植物对非生物和生物胁迫的反应的调节剂。在这项研究中，我们试图通过使用生物信息学工具对现有数据进行分析来提供全面的信息，以比较拟南芥（作为双子叶植物）和水稻（作为单子叶植物）之间已确定的乙烯生物合成基因。结果表明，乙烯生物合成途径的拟南芥蛋白比水稻具有更多的潜在糖基化位点，并且1-氨基环丙烷-1-甲酸氧化酶蛋白的磷酸化程度低于1-氨基环丙烷-1-甲酸合酶和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸蛋白。根据基因表达方式 S-腺苷甲硫氨酸基因参与水稻成熟期，而在拟南芥中，ACS2和1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸氧化酶基因对种子成熟有贡献。此外，miRNA靶向转录本序列的结果表明，ath-miR843和osa-miR1858在调节拟南芥和水稻中S-腺苷甲硫氨酸基因的转录后修饰中起关键作用。在拟南芥所有乙烯生物合成基因的启动子位点发现的顺式基序参与子叶和根基因的光诱导响应，硫响应元件，脱水，细胞周期非相位活化和水杨酸酸。ACS4蛋白预测结果表明拟南芥以及SAM2，Os04T0578000，Os01T0192900，Os03T0727600和Os03T0727600预测水稻中很强的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。在当前的研究中，鉴定了拟南芥和水稻中miRNA与乙烯生物合成基因的转录序列的复合体，这可能有助于理解转录过程后基因表达的调控。控制非生物和生物胁迫中靶基因的常见转录因子如MYB，WRKY和ABRE的结合位点通常分布在拟南芥乙烯生物合成基因的启动子位点。