Previous studies reported that subjective well-being in adulthood correlates with perceived parental bonding in childhood as well as personality traits. However, whether personality traits mediate the effect of perceived parental bonding on well-being or not has not been reported to date. In this study, we hypothesized that ‘parental care and overprotection’ in childhood affect ‘well-being’ in adulthood through various ‘personality traits’, and analyzed this using structural equation modeling. A total of 402 adult volunteers from the community provided responses to the following questionnaires: 1) Parental Bonding Instrument, 2) Temperament and Character Inventory, and 3) The Subjective Well-being Inventory. Two structural equation models were designed and the maximum likelihood estimation method was used for covariance structure analysis. Parental care in childhood directly increased well-being in adulthood and indirectly increased it through personality traits (harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-directedness). Parental overprotection in childhood had no direct effect on well-being in adulthood but decreased well-being in adulthood indirectly through personality traits (harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-directedness) and increased it through one personality trait (self-transcendence). This study showed that the influences of perceived parental bonding on well-being in adulthood are mediated by self-directedness, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-transcendence among the seven personality dimensions evaluated by the Temperament and Character Inventory.

中文翻译：

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人格特质在社区成年志愿者中调节感知的父母关系与幸福感之间的关联

先前的研究报告称，成年期的主观幸福感与童年期感知到的父母关系以及人格特征相关。然而，迄今为止，尚未报道人格特质是否会调节感知到的父母关系对幸福感的影响。在这项研究中，我们假设童年时期的“父母照顾和过度保护”通过各种“人格特质”影响成年期的“幸福感”，并使用结构方程模型对此进行了分析。共有来自社区的 402 名成年志愿者对以下问卷进行了回复：1）父母亲情问卷，2）气质和性格问卷，以及 3）主观幸福感问卷。设计了两个结构方程模型，并采用最大似然估计法进行协方差结构分析。儿童时期的父母照顾直接增加了成年期的幸福感，并通过人格特征（避免伤害、奖励依赖和自我导向）间接增加了幸福感。儿童时期父母的过度保护对成年后的幸福感没有直接影响，但会通过人格特质（避免伤害、奖励依赖和自我导向）间接降低成年后的幸福感，并通过一种人格特质（自我超越）增加幸福感。本研究表明，在气质和性格量表评估的七个人格维度中，感知到的父母关系对成年幸福感的影响通过自我导向、避免伤害、奖励依赖和自我超越来调节。