The purpose of this study is to develop the American Meritocracy Myth Stress Scale (AMMSS), capable of assessing college students’ psychological stress within the context of the pervasive myth of meritocracy. This psychological stress stems from the association between their perceptions of their own hard work and social class mobility. Underpinned by the social class worldview model-revised, American meritocracy myth stress is conceptualized as the psychological stress that individuals experience when disequilibrium exists between the dominant and pervasive meritocracy ideology and their efforts to climb the social ladder through hard work. Three substudies were conducted for exploratory factor analysis (Study 1: n = 887); confirmatory factor analysis, validity, and measurement invariance (Study 2: n = 903); and 2-week test–retest reliability (Study 3: n = 37). The results of these studies provide empirical support for the AMMSS. We discuss implications for practice, advocacy, training, and future research.

中文翻译：

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美国精英主义神话压力：规模发展和初步验证

本研究的目的是开发美国精英统治神话压力量表 (AMMSS)，能够在普遍存在的精英统治神话背景下评估大学生的心理压力。这种心理压力源于他们对自己辛勤工作的看法与社会阶层流动性之间的关联。在社会阶级世界观模型修正的基础上，美国精英主义神话压力被概念化为当占主导地位和普遍存在的精英主义意识形态与他们通过努力攀登社会阶梯的努力之间存在不平衡时，个人所经历的心理压力。进行了三个子研究进行探索性因素分析（研究 1：n = 887）；验证性因素分析、有效性和测量不变性（研究 2：n = 903）；和 2 周重测信度（研究 3：n = 37）。这些研究的结果为 AMMSS 提供了实证支持。我们讨论对实践、宣传、培训和未来研究的影响。