In the past decade, the rise of immunometabolism has fundamentally reshaped the face of immunology. As the functions and properties of many (immuno)metabolites have now been well described, their exchange among cells and their environment have only recently sparked the interest of immunologists. While many metabolites bind specific receptors to induce signaling cascades, some are actively exchanged between cells to communicate, or induce metabolic reprograming. In this review, we give an overview about how active metabolite transport impacts immune cell function and shapes immunological responses. We present some examples of how specific transporters feed into metabolic pathways and initiate intracellular signaling events in immune cells. In particular, we focus on the role of metabolite transporters in the activation and effector functions of T cells and macrophages, as prototype adaptive and innate immune cell populations.

中文翻译：

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代谢物转运蛋白作为免疫调节剂

在过去的十年中，免疫代谢的兴起从根本上改变了免疫学的面貌。由于现在已经很好地描述了许多（免疫）代谢物的功能和特性，它们在细胞之间和环境中的交换直到最近才引起免疫学家的兴趣。尽管许多代谢物与特定受体结合以诱导信号传导级联反应，但一些代谢物在细胞之间进行主动交换以交流或诱导代谢重编程。在这篇综述中，我们概述了活性代谢物转运如何影响免疫细胞功能并影响免疫反应。我们提供了一些具体的转运蛋白如何进入代谢途径并在免疫细胞中引发细胞内信号事件的例子。尤其是，