In this paper, we study an integrated unit commitment and natural gas network operational scheduling with renewable energy (wind and photovoltaic power plants) which changes the load curve to a duck curve. Wind and photovoltaic energy are both uncertain in nature. The availability of photovoltaic energy at certain times of day changes the pattern of the load. This load curve which is called “Duck Curve,” raises the question of whether the power system could provide the necessary ramp rate and capacity for full utilization of photovoltaic energy. The use of gas power plants to deal with the sharp ramp rate would have a negative impact on the flow of gas in the gas network. That is, the uncertain output of renewable resources requires the flexibility of gas power plants which affects the gas network. Storage devices of electricity and gas, line‐pack and the technology of electricity to gas transformation (P2G) could be effective solutions for reducing fluctuations and ensuring reliable operation of electricity and gas networks. The underlying problem is known to be a complex nonconvex problem. Compared to existing modeling and solution methods, we propose some efficient reformulation which enables us to rewrite the problem as a convex mixed integer program using Benders decomposition. Given the convex reformulation, we can solve the resulting convex model to optimality. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by solving some standard examples such as the modified IEEE 24‐Bus test system and the Belgian 20‐node gas network.

中文翻译：

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“鸭曲线”下一体化机组承诺和天然气网络调度的有效解决方法

在本文中，我们研究了带有可再生能源（风能和光伏电站）的综合机组承诺和天然气网络运营调度，该计划将负荷曲线变为鸭形曲线。风能和光伏能源本质上都不确定。一天中特定时间的光伏能量可用性会改变负载的模式。该负载曲线称为“鸭形曲线”，提出了一个问题，即电力系统是否可以提供必要的斜坡率和容量，以充分利用光伏能源。使用燃气发电厂应对急剧的升温速率将对燃气网络中的燃气流量产生负面影响。即，可再生资源的不确定输出需要燃气发电厂的灵活性，这会影响燃气网络。电力和天然气的存储设备 线装和电力天然气转化技术（P2G）可能是减少波动并确保电力和天然气网络可靠运行的有效解决方案。已知基本问题是复杂的非凸问题。与现有的建模和求解方法相比，我们提出了一些有效的公式化方法，使我们能够使用Benders分解将问题重写为凸混合整数程序。给定凸重构，我们可以将得到的凸模型求解到最优。我们通过解决一些标准示例（例如，改进的IEEE 24-Bus测试系统和比利时20节点天然气网络）来证明该方法的有效性。