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Plitvice Lakes National park harbors ancient, yet endangered diversity of trout (genus Salmo)
Journal of Applied Ichthyology ( IF 0.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-18 , DOI: 10.1111/jai.14120
Ivana Buj 1 , Lucija Raguž 1 , Zoran Marčić 1 , Marko Ćaleta 2 , Aljoša Duplić 3 , Davor Zanella 1 , Perica Mustafić 1 , Lucija Ivić 1 , Sven Horvatić 1 , Roman Karlović 1
Affiliation  

National park Plitvice Lakes is the oldest, the largest and the most visited national park in Croatia, well known for its stunning karstic watersheds that supply Plitvice Lakes and exceptionally valuable biodiversity. Lack of knowledge on the taxonomic status, population structure and viability of trout in the Plitvice Lakes National park, as well as the possibility of existence of cryptic diversity, motivated this study which aimed to determine: taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationship of Plitvice Lakes trout with other Salmo species, genetic structure and diversity of their populations, as well as future viability of populations. 150 samples of trout were obtained from 17 localities. Two mitochondrial gene markers, gene for cytochrome b and mitochondrial control region were used in phylogenetic reconstruction, as well as in population genetic investigation. Intraspecific and intrapopulation genetic diversity was described by calculating several measures of genetic polymorphism, while gene flow among populations was estimated as the migration rates and as the number of immigrants per generation. Phylogenetic trees revealed that Plitvice Lakes watershed is inhabited by two evolutionary independent units of the genus Salmo, representing two species, Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814 and Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758. Possibly ‘pure’ populations of both species were found alongside several admixed ones in which both species are present. Our data has shown low intraspecific and intrapopulational diversities for Plitvice Lakes trout and restricted gene flow. Small effective sizes of populations and weak interconnections between them, which are most likely a consequence of fragmentation and habitat degradation, accentuating the need for urgent conservation measures.

中文翻译:

十六湖国家公园(Plitvice Lakes National Park)拥有古老但濒临灭绝的鳟鱼(鲑鱼属)

国家公园十六湖是克罗地亚历史最悠久,规模最大,访问量最大的国家公园,以其迷人的喀斯特流域而著名,该河流域为十六湖和极为珍贵的生物多样性提供能量。缺乏对十六湖国家公园鳟鱼的生物分类状况,种群结构和生存力的了解,以及存在隐秘多样性的可能性,促使本研究旨在确定:十六湖鳟鱼的分类学状况和系统发育关系。其他物种,遗传结构和其人民的多样性,以及人口的未来的生存能力。从17个地方获得了150个鳟鱼样本。两个线粒体基因标记,细胞色素b基因线粒体控制区和线粒体控制区用于系统发育重建和群体遗传研究。种内和种群内的遗传多样性是通过计算几种遗传多态性的指标来描述的,而群体间的基因流动被估计为迁移率和每代移民的数量。系统发育树透露,十六湖分水岭由属的两种演化独立单元居住,代表两个品种,鲑鲈帕拉斯,1814和褐鳟林奈(Linnaeus),1758年。发现这两个物种的可能是“纯”种群,以及同时存在这两个物种的几个混合种群。我们的数据表明,十六湖鳟鱼的种内和种群内多样性低,基因流受限。人口的有效规模小和它们之间的相互联系薄弱,这很可能是破碎化和栖息地退化的结果,从而加剧了对紧急保护措施的需求。
更新日期:2020-10-18
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