The Old‐World Tropics encompass many unique biomes and associated biotas shaped by drastic climate and geological changes throughout the Cenozoic. Disjunct distributions of clades between the Afrotropics and the Oriental regions are testament to these changes. Awl and policeman skippers (Hesperiidae: Coeliadinae) are disjunctly distributed with some genera endemic to the Afrotropics and others restricted to the Oriental and Australian regions. We reconstruct the phylogeny of these butterflies using target exon capture phylogenomics. We also generate a dated framework for this clade that uses the putatively oldest known butterfly fossil to estimate the historical biogeography of Coeliadinae using a model‐based approach. We infer a stable and robust phylogeny for the subfamily, with all but one Afrotropical lineage forming a derived clade. The African genus Pyrrhiades syn. nov. is placed in synonymy with Coeliades to accommodate the new phylogeny. Our comparative dating exercise casts doubt on the assignment of the fossil Protocoeliades kristenseni as a derived Coeliadinae and suggests, along with our biogeographic estimation, a split of Coeliadinae from the rest of skippers in the Palaeocene ca. 70 million years ago. The origin of crown Coeliadinae skippers is estimated in Indomalaya during the late Eocene ca. 36 million years ago, with subsequent Oligocene colonisation events toward the Australian region and the Afrotropics. Colonisation of the Afrotropics from the Indian region occurred during climatic transition, associated biome shifts, and the closure of the Tethys Ocean, which likely allowed geodispersal through the Arabian Peninsula. The current disjunct distribution of Coeliadinae in the Old World Tropics may result from the emergence of savannahs in the Miocene that progressively replaced woodlands and forests in the Arabian Peninsula and western Asia. Coeliadinae skippers are almost exclusively dicot feeders and were likely extirpated as grasslands became dominant, resulting in the present‐day disjunct distribution of these butterflies.

中文翻译：

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Afrotropics on the wing：锥子和警察船长的系统基因组学和历史生物地理学

旧世界热带地区包含许多独特的生物群落和相关生物群，这些生物群系由整个新生代的剧烈气候和地质变化形成。非洲热带地区和东方地区之间进化枝的分离分布证明了这些变化。锥子和警察船长（Hesperiidae：Coeliadinae）分散分布，一些属是非洲热带地区特有的，另一些则仅限于东方和澳大利亚地区。我们使用目标外显子捕获系统基因组学重建这些蝴蝶的系统发​​育。我们还为这个进化枝生成了一个过时的框架，它使用假定最古老的已知蝴蝶化石，使用基于模型的方法来估计 Coeliadinae 的历史生物地理。我们推断该亚科具有稳定而稳健的系统发育，除一个非热带谱系外，所有其他谱系都形成了一个衍生进化枝。非洲 Pyrrhiades 属。十一月 与 Coeliades 同义，以适应新的系统发育。我们的比较测年工作对将 Protocoeliades kristenseni 化石指定为衍生的 Coeliadinae 提出了质疑，并建议，连同我们的生物地理估计，将 Coeliadinae 与古新世的其余船长分开。七千万年前。据估计，在始新世晚期的 Indomalaya 中，冠 Coeliadinae 船长的起源估计。3600 万年前，随后渐新世向澳大利亚地区和非洲热带地区进行了殖民活动。来自印度地区的非洲热带地区的殖民发生在气候转变、相关的生物群落变化和特提斯洋的关闭期间，这可能允许通过阿拉伯半岛进行地理分散。目前在旧世界热带地区的腔肠动物科的分离分布可能是由于中新世大草原的出现逐渐取代了阿拉伯半岛和西亚的林地和森林。Coeliadinae船长几乎完全是双子叶植物的饲养者，随着草原成为主导，它们很可能已经灭绝，导致这些蝴蝶的今天分离分布。