Coppice woods were once widespread in Europe. It is usually assumed that underwood tree taxon composition was not directly influenced by people, whereas especially Quercus was promoted among standard trees. However, no work has quantitatively tested these assumptions. Our main question was whether there were any patterns in our data to suggest that certain trees occurred more frequently as standards than as underwood, possibly as a result of management decisions.

中文翻译：

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标准树木与未砍伐树木：矮灌木林中树木分类群发生的历史模式

矮林木曾经在欧洲广泛传播。通常认为，梧桐树的分类单元组成不受人的直接影响，而尤其是栎属在标准树种中得到了促进。但是，没有工作对这些假设进行定量检验。我们的主要问题是，我们的数据中是否有任何模式表明某些树木作为标准而不是矮木发生，可能是管理决策的结果。