Biochar (B) and fertilizer (organic fertilizer, OF and synthetic fertilizer, CF) are frequently applied to improve ecosystem function and increase crop productivity in degraded soil. Nonetheless, the effects and mechanism of biochar in combination with OF and CF on degraded red soil was unclear. The aim was to study the influence of biochar and fertilizer related amendments in a degraded red soil on the rhizosphere microbiome of Plantago lanceolate under controlled condition. Soil was amended with rice husk biochar (5%, w/w), bio-organic fertilizer (5%, w/w), biochar (5%, w/w) + bio-organic fertilizer (5%, w/w), synthetic fertilizer (0.5%, w/w) and biochar (5%, w/w) + synthetic fertilizer (0.5%, w/w), in a greenhouse experiment. Illumina high throughput sequencing and PICRUSt analysis of functional gene prediction were employed to characterize the rhizosphere microbial community and its functional component involved in nitrogen (N) cycling and soil carbon (C) degradation. At harvest of 90 days, plant growth was highest with bio-organic fertilizer amendment, followed by biochar + synthetic fertilizer. Compared to the control, bio-organic fertilizer related amendment increased microbial diversity indexes (Ace, Sobs and Chao), but synthetic fertilizer decreased them significantly. Principal co-ordinates analysis showed that the microbial community was separated by the type of fertilizer, but not biochar. Redundancy analysis (RDA) at the phylum level further showed that electrical conductivity and soil carbon affected bacterial community, whereas alkaline nitrogen had a significant effect on the fungal community. PICRUSt analysis exhibited that bio-organic fertilizer related amendments decreased the abundance of labile C (glucoamylase and beta-galactosidase) and increased recalcitrant C degrading genes (catalase and endoglucanase). Predicted N cycling genes abundance increased with the addition of bio-organic fertilizer (nifD, amoA·amoB, Hao, nrfA, nirK and nosZ) and biochar + bio-organic fertilizer (amoA·amoB, Hao, narG, nrfA, nirk and nosZ). Biochar did not alter the relative abundance of phylum-level taxa and predicted functional genes in the absence of fertilizer. Via regulation of soil microbial community, bio-organic fertilizer amendment had positive impacts on N cycling, however, enhanced recalcitrant C degrading and inhibited labile C degrading.

生物炭（B）和肥料（有机肥料，OF和合成肥料，CF）通常用于改善生态系统功能并提高退化土壤的作物生产率。然而，尚不清楚生物炭与OF和CF结合对退化的红壤的作用及其机理尚不清楚。目的是研究退化的红壤中生物炭和肥料相关的改良剂对车前草针状根的根际微生物组的影响。在受控条件下。用稻壳生物炭（5％，w / w），生物有机肥料（5％，w / w），生物炭（5％，w / w）+生物有机肥料（5％，w / w）修正土壤），温室试验中的合成肥料（0.5％，w / w）和生物炭（5％，w / w）+合成肥料（0.5％，w / w）。利用Illumina高通量测序和功能基因预测的PICRUSt分析来表征根际微生物群落及其参与氮（N）循环和土壤碳（C）降解的功能成分。在收获90天后，使用生物有机肥料改良的植物生长最高，其次是生物炭+合成肥料。与对照相比，生物有机肥相关的改良剂增加了微生物多样性指数（Ace，Sobs和Chao），但合成肥料显着降低了微生物多样性指数。主坐标分析表明，微生物群落是由肥料类型分隔的，而不是由生物炭分隔的。门系统水平的冗余分析（RDA）进一步表明，电导率和土壤碳会影响细菌群落，而碱性氮对真菌群落具有显着影响。PICRUSt分析显示，生物有机肥料相关的改良剂降低了不稳定C的丰度（葡糖淀粉酶和β-半乳糖苷酶），并增加了顽固的C降解基因（过氧化氢酶和内切葡聚糖酶）。预测的N循环基因丰度随着生物有机肥料的添加而增加（门系统水平的冗余分析（RDA）进一步表明，电导率和土壤碳会影响细菌群落，而碱性氮对真菌群落具有显着影响。PICRUSt分析显示，生物有机肥料相关的改良剂降低了不稳定C的丰度（葡糖淀粉酶和β-半乳糖苷酶），并增加了顽固的C降解基因（过氧化氢酶和内切葡聚糖酶）。预测的N循环基因丰度随着生物有机肥料的添加而增加（门系统水平的冗余分析（RDA）进一步表明，电导率和土壤碳会影响细菌群落，而碱性氮对真菌群落具有显着影响。PICRUSt分析显示，生物有机肥料相关的改良剂降低了不稳定C的丰度（葡糖淀粉酶和β-半乳糖苷酶），并增加了顽固的C降解基因（过氧化氢酶和内切葡聚糖酶）。预测的N循环基因丰度随着生物有机肥料的添加而增加（PICRUSt分析显示，生物有机肥料相关的改良剂降低了不稳定C的丰度（葡糖淀粉酶和β-半乳糖苷酶），并增加了顽固的C降解基因（过氧化氢酶和内切葡聚糖酶）。预测的N循环基因丰度随着生物有机肥料的添加而增加（PICRUSt分析显示，生物有机肥料相关的改良剂降低了不稳定C的丰度（葡糖淀粉酶和β-半乳糖苷酶），并增加了顽固的C降解基因（过氧化氢酶和内切葡聚糖酶）。预测的N循环基因丰度随着生物有机肥料的添加而增加（nifD，amoA·amoB，Hao，nrfA，nirK和nosZ）和生物炭+生物有机肥料（amoA·amoB，Hao，narG，nrfA，nirk和nosZ）。在没有肥料的情况下，生物炭不会改变门类分类单元的相对丰度，并能预测功能基因。通过调节土壤微生物群落，生物有机肥的改良对氮素循环产生了积极影响，但是，增加了顽固性C的降解并抑制了不稳定C的降解。