Abstract With consideration of consumer environmental awareness (CEA) and upstream competition, this paper investigates the joint pricing strategy of enterprises based on carbon tax and low-carbon subsidy and the design of carbon tax and low-carbon subsidy based on environment goal. Results indicate that both carbon tax and subsidy policy benefit low-carbon products despite different action ways. Analysis of firms’ joint pricing strategy under carbon policy provide a reference for firms’ decision-making adjustments under upstream competition. Carbon policy design strategies help policymakers regulating carbon emissions in industries with upstream competition make policy-making decisions. Further, the comparison of the two policies’ emission reduction efficiency helps policymakers make policy-selection decisions to better avoid certain policy failures. An interesting finding in this paper is that there is a complementary effect between CEA and low-carbon subsidy in reducing carbon emission, policymakers can achieve the environmental goal of minimum carbon emissions with a small subsidy expenditure by promoting low-carbon concepts to raise CEA.

中文翻译：

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碳政策和消费者环保意识下竞争厂商的最优定价策略

摘要 考虑消费者环保意识和上游竞争，研究基于碳税和低碳补贴的企业联合定价策略，以及基于环境目标的碳税和低碳补贴设计。结果表明，尽管采取不同的行动方式，碳税和补贴政策都使低碳产品受益。碳政策下企业联合定价策略分析为上游竞争下企业的决策调整提供参考。碳政策设计策略帮助政策制定者在上游竞争的行业中监管碳排放，从而做出决策。更多，两种政策减排效率的比较有助于决策者做出政策选择决策，以更好地避免某些政策失误。本文的一个有趣发现是，CEA和低碳补贴在减少碳排放方面存在互补效应，决策者可以通过推广低碳理念来提高CEA，以小额补贴支出实现最低碳排放的环境目标。