Gastrointestinal microbiota is vastly deregulated in cancer patients due to different factors, but the exact mechanisms of interaction between cancer and microbiome are still poorly understood. Current evidence suggests that alterations in the composition of the microbiota may affect efficacy and toxicity of anti-cancer therapies. Recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate different mechanisms and outcomes of deregulation of gut microbiome, and investigate effects of modulating gastrointestinal microbiota in cancer patients. This paper reviews effects of altered microbiome on anti-cancer management, including antibiotics, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as possible outcomes of modulating altered microbiome by probiotics or faecal microbiome transplantation in cancer patients.

由于不同因素，胃肠道微生物群在癌症患者中被大大放松，但癌症与微生物组之间相互作用的确切机制仍知之甚少。目前的证据表明，微生物群组成的改变可能会影响抗癌疗法的功效和毒性。最近的临床前和临床研究证明了肠道微生物组失控的不同机制和结果，并研究了调节胃肠道微生物群对癌症患者的影响。本文回顾了改变的微生物组对抗癌管理的影响，包括抗生素，化学疗法和免疫疗法，以及通过益生菌或粪便微生物组移植来调节癌症患者改变的微生物组的可能结果。