Abstract

The nonequilibrium dynamics in chaotic quantum systems denies a fully understanding up to now, even if thermalization in the long-time asymptotic state has been explained by the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis which assumes a universal form of the observable matrix elements in the eigenbasis of Hamiltonian. It was recently proposed that the density matrix elements have also a universal form, which can be used to understand the nonequilibrium dynamics at the whole time scale, from the transient regime to the long-time steady limit. In this paper, we numerically test these assumptions for density matrix in the models of spins.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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混沌量子系统的密度矩阵

摘要

即使以本能态热化假设解释了长时间渐近状态下的热化，该混沌量子系统中的非平衡动力学仍无法完全理解，该假设假设哈密顿量本征基元中的可观测矩阵元素是通用形式。最近提出，密度矩阵元素也具有通用形式，可用于理解从过渡状态到长期稳定极限的整个时间尺度上的非平衡动力学。在本文中，我们在自旋模型中对密度矩阵的这些假设进行了数值测试。

图形概要