Since specific metabolites may be associated with salinity tolerance, this study aimed to decipher the salinity tolerance mechanism in date palm based on the information encoded by the metabolomic profiles of the salt-tolerant “Umsila” and salt-susceptible “Zabad” cultivars when grown under salinity conditions. Changes in the metabolomic profiles of the leaf and root tissues were determined using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) mass spectrometry. The global untargeted metabolomic analysis showed the presence of 4878 metabolites accumulated in leaf and root tissues of the date palm seedlings. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the presence of unique groups of metabolites for each treatment and tissue type. Pathway analysis showed the involvement of some of these metabolites in the biosynthesis of several types of membranous lipids and glycolipids molecules such as 18:0-lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (lysoPE), and also the synthesis of cell-wall components such as 16-hydroxy hexadecanoic acid, which is an intermediate metabolite in cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis. Moreover, antioxidant flavonoids such as (+)-catechin and epicatechin, vitamins such as B9, phytohormone-associated compounds such as dihydrozeatin-9-N-glucoside-O-glucoside, and osmolytes such as the sulfonic amino acid taurine were all significantly (p ≤ 0.05, FWER ≤ 0.05) altered in response to salinity in both cultivars. These results indicate that salinity tolerance in date palm involved a multi-dimensional mechanism, which includes the modification of the cell-wall and cellular membranes, the production of oxygen species scavengers, the adjustment of cellular osmotic pressure, and probably the alteration of the hormonal balance. The intracultivar metabolomic profile comparison strategy performed in this study represents an approach that may pave the road toward the identification of salinity tolerance mechanisms in date palm based on the final protein products.

中文翻译：

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盐度下两种对比枣棕榈基因型的比较代谢谱

由于特定代谢物可能与耐盐性有关，本研究旨在根据耐盐“Umsila”和耐盐“Zabad”栽培品种的代谢组学特征编码的信息来破译枣椰树的耐盐性机制。盐度条件。使用亲水相互作用液相色谱 (HILIC) 和反相液相色谱 (RPLC) 质谱法测定叶和根组织代谢组学谱的变化。全球非靶向代谢组学分析表明，在椰枣幼苗的叶和根组织中积累了 4878 种代谢物。主成分分析 (PCA) 揭示了每种治疗和组织类型都存在独特的代谢物组。通路分析表明，这些代谢物中的一些参与了几种类型的膜脂质和糖脂分子的生物合成，例如 18:0-溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺 (lysoPE)，以及细胞壁成分的合成，例如 16-羟基十六烷酸酸，它是角质、木栓质和蜡生物合成的中间代谢物。此外，抗氧化类黄酮如 (+)-儿茶素和表儿茶素、维生素如 B9、植物激素相关化合物如二氢玉米素-9-N-葡萄糖苷-O-葡萄糖苷和渗透质如磺酸氨基酸牛磺酸都显着（ p ≤ 0.05，FWER ≤ 0.05) 响应两个品种的盐度而改变。这些结果表明枣椰树的耐盐性涉及多维机制，这包括细胞壁和细胞膜的改变，氧清除剂的产生，细胞渗透压的调节，以及可能的荷尔蒙平衡的改变。本研究中进行的品种内代谢组学比较策略代表了一种方法，可以为基于最终蛋白质产品鉴定枣椰树耐盐性机制铺平道路。