Focused on uncoated ceramics, this tutorial paper is divided into two main sections. The first section deals with the operational phases required prior to firing (drying, piling, fuel supply). Then, the second chapter deals with the transformations that occur in the clayey paste during firing. An overall understanding of the firing process includes several issues to be considered and properly investigated. Thereafter, the thermal behaviour of several mineralogical phases (calcite and dolomite; quartz and cristobalite; K-feldspar and plagioclase; rutile and anatase; haematite, maghemite, hercynite and metallic Fe; illite, muscovite, biotite and chlorite; wollastonite, melilite, anorthite and monticellite; diopside and kaolinite) is described. Four brief chapters are further dedicated to the development of the amorphous/glassy component, to the matrix and its porosity, to the colour and the organic matter and to the variations in chemical composition, respectively. The concluding remarks provide a short list of the analytical techniques that have been commonly applied to the investigation of firing conditions and a concise summary of the state of the art of the “firing issue”. The method to be applied in future experimental reproductions and the opportunity itself to investigate the “firing issue” in various contexts are further discussed.

本教程的重点是未涂层的陶瓷，分为两个主要部分。第一部分介绍了烧成之前所需的操作阶段（干燥，打桩，供油）。然后，第二章介绍了在烘烤过程中，黏土糊中发生的转变。对射击过程的全面理解包括几个需要考虑和适当研究的问题。此后，几个矿物相（方解石和白云石；石英和方石英；钾长石和斜长石；金红石和锐钛矿；赤铁矿，磁赤铁矿，锂铁矿和金属铁；伊利石，白云母，黑云母和绿泥石；硅灰石，硅铁石，钙长石）的热行为以及蒙脱石；透辉石和高岭石）。简短的四章专门介绍了非晶态/玻璃态成分的开发，分别涉及基质及其孔隙率，颜色和有机物以及化学成分的变化。结束语提供了通常用于射击条件研究的分析技术的简短列表，并简要概述了“射击问题”的最新技术水平。进一步讨论了将用于未来实验复制的方法以及在各种情况下调查“射击问题”的机会本身。