The aim of the study was to determine the antioxidant activity and assess the lipophilicity and skin penetration of eugenyl chloroacetate (EChA), eugenyl dichloroacetate (EDChA), and eugenyl trichloroacetate (ETChA). Identification of the obtained products was based on gas chromatography (GC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR/ATR), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the analysis of ¹³C-NMR and ¹H-NMR spectra. The antioxidative capacity of the derivatives obtained was determined by the DPPH free radical reduction method, while the octanol/water partition coefficient (shake-flask method) was tested to determine the lipophilicity of these compounds. In the next stage of testing EDChA and ETChA–(compounds characterized by the highest degree of free radical scavenging), the penetration of DPPH through pig skin and its accumulation in the skin were evaluated. For comparison, penetration studies of eugenol alone as well as dichloroacetic acid (DChAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TChAA) were also carried out. The antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and Folin–Ciocalteu methods) of the fluid that penetrated through pig skin was also evaluated. The in vitro pig skin penetration study showed that eugenol derivatives are particularly relevant for topical application. The obtained derivatives were characterized by a high level of antioxidant activity estimated after 24 h of conducting the experiment, which indicates long-term protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the deeper layers of the skin.

该研究的目的是确定氯乙酸丁香酯 (EChA)、二氯乙酸丁香酯 (EDChA) 和三氯乙酸丁香酯 (ETChA) 的抗氧化活性并评估其亲脂性和皮肤渗透性。所得产物的鉴定基于气相色谱(GC)、红外光谱(FTIR/ATR)、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)以及13 C-NMR和¹ H ^- NMR谱的分析。通过DPPH自由基还原法测定所得衍生物的抗氧化能力，同时通过测试辛醇/水分配系数（摇瓶法）测定这些化合物的亲油性。在测试 EDChA 和 ETChA（具有最高程度的自由基清除能力的化合物）的下一阶段中，评估了 DPPH 通过猪皮肤的渗透性及其在皮肤中的积累。为了进行比较，还进行了单独的丁香酚以及二氯乙酸 (DChAA) 和三氯乙酸 (TChAA) 的渗透研究。还评估了渗透猪皮的液体的抗氧化活性（DPPH、ABTS 和 Folin-Ciocalteu 方法）。体外猪皮肤渗透研究表明，丁子香酚衍生物与局部应用特别相关。实验 24 小时后，所获得的衍生物具有高水平的抗氧化活性，这表明对皮肤深层的活性氧 (ROS) 具有长期保护作用。