The search for bone substitutes that are biodegradable, ensure space maintenance, and have osteogenic predictability, is ongoing in the field of sinus augmentation. We thus compared the bone regeneration potential of nanostructured sponges (NS-Sponge) with that of collagen-stabilized inorganic bovine bones (BO-Collagen), gelatin sponges (Gelatin), and blood clots (Cont) in sinus augmentation of rabbits. NS-Sponge was prepared by thermally induced phase separation with porogen leaching techniques. All the materials were non-hemolytic and cytocompatible. The porous and nanofibrous NS-Sponge showed better dimensional stability to support cell growth and osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, the sinus membrane collapsed in Cont and Gelatin, while BO-Collagen and NS-Sponge maintained the elevated height as assessed by come-beam computed tomography. Limited bone regeneration was observed in Cont and Gelatin. In the entire implanted area, histological analysis revealed a higher percentage of new bone area at 4 weeks of BO-Collagen treatment; however, a significantly greater increase in new bone area was observed after 12 weeks of NS-Sponge treatment. The 12-week remnant NS-Sponge material was significantly lower than the 4-week remnant material. Overall, NS-Sponge may be highly recommended for sinus augmentation, as it exhibits numerous advantages, including excellent operability, clear imaging characteristics, space maintenance, biodegradability, and superior osteogenic potential.

在鼻窦增大领域，正在寻找可生物降解、确保空间维护并具有成骨可预测性的骨替代品。因此，我们比较了纳米结构海绵 (NS-Sponge) 与胶原稳定的无机牛骨 (BO-Collagen)、明胶海绵 (Gelatin) 和血凝块 (Cont) 在兔鼻窦扩张中的骨再生潜力。NS-海绵是通过热致相分离和致孔剂浸出技术制备的。所有材料都是非溶血性和细胞相容性的。多孔和纳米纤维 NS-Sponge 显示出更好的尺寸稳定性，以支持细胞生长和成骨分化。体内，Cont 和 Gelatin 中的窦膜塌陷，而 BO-Collagen 和 NS-Sponge 则通过来光束计算机断层扫描评估保持升高的高度。在 Cont 和 Gelatin 中观察到有限的骨再生。在整个植入区域，组织学分析显示在 BO-Collagen 治疗 4 周时新骨区域的百分比更高；然而，在 NS-Sponge 治疗 12 周后观察到新骨面积显着增加。12 周残余 NS-Sponge 材料显着低于 4 周残余材料。总体而言，NS-Sponge 可能被强烈推荐用于鼻窦增大，因为它具有许多优点，包括出色的可操作性、清晰的成像特性、空间维护、生物降解性和卓越的成骨潜力。