In recent decades, independent national and international research programs have revealed possible reasons for the death of managed honey bee colonies worldwide. Such losses are not due to a single factor, but instead are due to highly complex interactions between various internal and external influences, including pests, pathogens, honey bee stock diversity, and environmental change. Reduced honey bee vitality and nutrition, exposure to agrochemicals, and quality of colony management contribute to reduced colony survival in beekeeping operations. Our Special Issue (SI) on ‘’Monitoring of Honey Bee Colony Losses’’ aims to address specific challenges facing honey bee researchers and beekeepers. This SI includes four reviews, with one being a meta-analysis that identifies gaps in the current and future directions for research into honey bee colonies mortalities. Other review articles include studies regarding the impact of numerous factors on honey bee mortality, including external abiotic factors (e.g., winter conditions and colony management) as well as biotic factors such as attacks by Vespa velutina and Varroa destructor.

中文翻译：

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监测蜜蜂群落损失：特刊

在最近几十年中，独立的国家和国际研究计划已经揭示了全世界受管理的蜜蜂群体死亡的可能原因。这种损失不是由于单一因素，而是由于各种内部和外部影响（包括害虫，病原体，蜜蜂种群多样性和环境变化）之间高度复杂的相互作用所致。蜜蜂活力和营养的降低，暴露于农用化学品中以及菌落管理的质量降低了养蜂操作中菌落的存活。我们的“蜜蜂殖民地损失监测”特刊（SI）旨在解决蜜蜂研究人员和养蜂人面临的具体挑战。该SI包括四条评论，其中一项是荟萃分析，可确定当前和未来蜜蜂蜂群死亡率研究的方向。其他评论文章包括有关多种因素对蜜蜂死亡率影响的研究，其中包括外部非生物因素（例如，冬季条件和殖民地管理）以及生物因素，例如侵袭性Vespa velutina和Varroa破坏物。