The role of attention bias in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders has been studied extensively over decades. Attention bias reflects maladaptation in cognitive processing, as perceived threatening stimuli receive prioritized processing even when they are task-irrelevant or factually unthreatening. Recently, there has been some interest in the role of a-priori expectancies in attention bias toward threat. The current review article will present recent studies as examples that emphasize the need for more comprehensive research about the interactive effects of various factors that affect the relationship between expectancies and attention bias toward threatening stimuli in anxiety. The current review article suggests a holistic view, which advocates for more integrative research, as a dynamic network could underlie changes in attention bias. The study of the interaction between such factors, with a focus on expectancy, can lead to more ecological and clinically important results, and thus to more informed and fine-tuned treatments that are based on manipulation of expectancies. Such methods, in turn, can also help in shedding light on the research of attention bias, in a mutual relationship between research and therapy.

中文翻译：

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谜题的缺失部分：A-Priori期望与针对威胁的注意力偏向的互动性质综述

注意偏见在焦虑症的病因和维持中的作用已被广泛研究了数十年。注意偏见反映了认知过程中的适应不良，因为感知的威胁性刺激即使在与任务无关或实际上没有威胁的情况下也得到了优先处理。最近，人们对先验期望在注意力对威胁的偏见中的作用产生了兴趣。当前的评论文章将以最近的研究为例，强调需要对影响预期因素和注意力偏向威胁性焦虑之间关系的各种因素的相互作用进行更全面的研究。当前的这篇评论文章提出了一种整体观点，主张进行更多的综合研究，因为动态网络可以成为注意力偏向变化的基础。对这些因素之间相互作用的研究，以预期为重点，可以带来更多的生态和临床意义的结果，从而可以得到基于预期操纵的更明智，更精细的治疗方法。反过来，这样的方法也可以帮助减轻对注意力偏倚的研究，使研究与治疗之间相互联系。