Ambient air pollution is one of eight global risk factors for deaths and accounts for 38.44 all causes death rates attributable to ambient PM pollution, while in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is 58.37. We have estimated health endpoints and possible gains if two policy scenarios were implemented and air pollution reduction achieved. Real-world health and recorded PM pollution data for 2018 were used for assessing the health impacts and possible gains. Calculations were performed with WHO AirQ+ software against two scenarios with cut-off levels at country-legal values and WHO air quality recommendations. Ambient PM_2.5 pollution is responsible for 16.20% and 22.77% of all-cause mortality among adults in Tuzla and Lukavac, respectively. Our data show that life expectancy could increase by 2.1 and 2.4 years for those cities. In the pollution hotspots, in reality, there is a wide gap in what is observed and the implementation of the legally binding air quality limit values and, thus, adverse health effects. Considerable health gains and life expectancy are possible if legal or health scenarios in polluted cities were achieved. This estimate might be useful in providing additional health burden evidence as a key component for a clean air policy and action plans.

中文翻译：

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在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的图兹拉和卢卡瓦茨，长期暴露于环境颗粒物污染和减轻不良健康影响的潜力，可导致成人过早死亡和多年生命丧失

环境空气污染是八个全球性死亡风险因素之一，占38.44％，所有原因均归因于环境PM污染，而在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那则为58.37。如果实施了两种政策方案并实现了减少空气污染，我们已经估算出健康终点和可能的收益。真实世界的健康状况和记录的2018年PM污染数据用于评估健康影响和可能的收益。使用WHO AirQ +软件针对两种情景进行了计算，两种情景的临界水平均为国家法律规定的值和WHO空气质量建议。环境PM _2.5在图兹拉和卢卡瓦茨，成年人的全因死亡率分别为污染的16.20％和22.77％。我们的数据显示，这些城市的预期寿命可能会增加2.1和2.4年。实际上，在污染热点地区，所观察到的结果以及实施具有法律约束力的空气质量极限值以及因此对健康造成的不利影响都存在很大差距。如果在受污染的城市实现了法律或健康状况，则可能获得可观的健康增长和预期寿命。该估计值可能有助于提供更多的健康负担证据，作为清洁空气政策和行动计划的关键组成部分。