This study evaluated gasoline evaporative emissions from fuel-cap removal during the refueling process (or “puff loss”) for one gasoline vehicle in the Japanese market. Specifically, the puff loss emissions were measured after a real-world driving event in urban Tokyo, Japan for different seasons and gasoline types. The experimental results indicated higher puff loss emissions during summer than in winter and spring despite using low vapor pressure gasoline during summer. These higher puff loss emissions accounted maximally for more than 4 g of the emissions from the tested vehicle. The irregular emission trends could be attributed to the complex relationships between physical parameters such as fuel-tank filling, ambient temperature, ambient pressure, and gasoline vapor pressure. Furthermore, an estimation model was developed based on the theory of thermodynamics to determine puff loss emissions under arbitrary environmental conditions. The estimation model included no fitting parameter and was in good agreement with the measured puff loss emissions. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to elucidate the effects of three physical parameters, i.e., fuel tank-filling, ambient pressure, and gasoline type, on puff loss emissions. The results indicated that fuel tank-filling was the most important parameter affecting the quantity of puff loss emissions. Further, the proposed puff loss estimation model is likely to aid the evaluation of future volatile organic compound emission inventories.

中文翻译：

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真实世界驾驶事件发生后，油箱盖拆卸所产生的汽油蒸发排放的评估

这项研究评估了日本市场上一辆汽油车在加油过程中去除油箱盖所产生的汽油蒸发排放（或“吹气损失”）。具体而言，在日本东京市区针对不同季节和汽油类型进行的真实驾驶事件之后，测量了粉扑损失排放。实验结果表明，尽管夏季使用低蒸气压汽油，但夏季的粉扑损失排放量比冬季和春季高。这些较高的粉扑损失排放量最多占测试车辆排放量的4克以上。不规则的排放趋势可以归因于物理参数之间的复杂关系，例如燃料罐填充，环境温度，环境压力和汽油蒸气压力。此外，根据热力学理论开发了一个估计模型，以确定在任意环境条件下的粉扑损失排放量。估计模型不包含拟合参数，并且与测得的粉扑损失排放量非常吻合。最后，进行了敏感性分析，以阐明三个物理参数，即油箱注油，环境压力和汽油类型对粉扑损失排放的影响。结果表明，油箱加油是影响粉扑损失排放量的最重要参数。此外，提出的粉扑损失估计模型可能有助于评估未来的挥发性有机化合物排放清单。估计模型不包含拟合参数，并且与测得的粉扑损失排放量非常吻合。最后，进行了敏感性分析，以阐明三个物理参数，即油箱注油，环境压力和汽油类型对粉扑损失排放的影响。结果表明，油箱加油是影响粉扑损失排放量的最重要参数。此外，提出的粉扑损失估计模型可能有助于评估未来的挥发性有机化合物排放清单。估计模型不包含拟合参数，并且与测得的粉扑损失排放量非常吻合。最后，进行了敏感性分析，以阐明三个物理参数，即油箱注油，环境压力和汽油类型对粉扑损失排放的影响。结果表明，油箱加油是影响粉扑损失排放量的最重要参数。此外，提出的粉扑损失估计模型可能有助于评估未来的挥发性有机化合物排放清单。结果表明，油箱加油是影响粉扑损失排放量的最重要参数。此外，提出的粉扑损失估计模型可能有助于评估未来的挥发性有机化合物排放清单。结果表明，油箱加油是影响粉扑损失排放量的最重要参数。此外，提出的粉扑损失估计模型可能有助于评估未来的挥发性有机化合物排放清单。