Traditional herbal medicines have become a subject of global importance with both medical and economic implications. The regular consumption of herbal drugs has led to serious concerns regarding their quality, effectiveness, and safety. Thus, relevant scientific evidence has become an important criterion for the acceptance of traditional health claims. The genus Cotoneaster Medikus provides numerous species traditionally used in Asian medicine for the treatment of haemorrhoids, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. This review summarises the achievements of modern research on the Cotoneaster taxa, including ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. To date, more than 90 compounds have been isolated or analytically identified in Cotoneaster leaves, fruits, flowers or twigs. These phytochemicals are categorised into flavonoids, procyanidins, phenolic acids, cotonefurans, cyanogenic glycosides, triterpenes, sterols, fatty acids, volatile compounds, and carbohydrates, and many of them are responsible for Cotoneaster pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic or anti-dyslipidaemic activity. In order to ensure the safety of pharmaceutical applications, the potential toxicity of Cotoneaster extracts has also been investigated. In conclusion, this systematic review provides an important reference base for further study into the various medical applications of both the dry extracts and pure isolates of Cotoneaster species.

中文翻译：

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枸子属（蔷薇科）概述：植物化学，生物活性和毒理学

传统草药已成为具有医学和经济意义的全球重要主题。经常食用草药已引起人们对其质量，有效性和安全性的严重关注。因此，相关的科学证据已成为接受传统健康主张的重要标准。枸子属枸杞（Cotoneaster Medikus）提供了许多传统上用于亚洲医学的物种，用于治疗痔疮，糖尿病和心血管疾病。这篇综述总结了对枸子类植物的现代研究成果，包括民族植物学，植物化学，药理学和毒理学。迄今为止，已在Cotoneaster中分离或分析鉴定了90多种化合物叶子，果实，花朵或树枝。这些植物化学物质分类为类黄酮，原花青素，酚酸，子叶呋喃，生氰苷，三萜，固醇，脂肪酸，挥发性化合物和碳水化合物，其中许多与子叶茵的药理特性有关，包括抗氧化剂，抗炎剂，抗微生物剂，抗寄生虫药。 ，保肝，抗糖尿病或抗血脂异常的活性。为了确保药物应用的安全性，还研究了枸子提取物的潜在毒性。总之，本系统综述为进一步研究review子干提取物和纯分离物的各种医学应用提供了重要的参考依据。 种类。