Spoken language, both perception and production, is thought to be facilitated by an ensemble of predictive mechanisms. We obtain intracranial recordings in 37 patients using depth probes implanted along the anteroposterior extent of the supratemporal plane during rhythm listening, speech perception, and speech production. These reveal two predictive mechanisms in early auditory cortex with distinct anatomical and functional characteristics. The first, localized to bilateral Heschl’s gyri and indexed by low-frequency phase, predicts the timing of acoustic events. The second, localized to planum temporale only in language-dominant cortex and indexed by high-gamma power, shows a transient response to acoustic stimuli that is uniquely suppressed during speech production. Chronometric stimulation of Heschl’s gyrus selectively disrupts speech perception, while stimulation of planum temporale selectively disrupts speech production. This work illuminates the fundamental acoustic infrastructure—both architecture and function—for spoken language, grounding cognitive models of speech perception and production in human neurobiology.

口语，无论是感知还是产生，被认为是由一组预测机制促进的。我们使用沿颞上平面前后方向植入的深度探针在节奏聆听、言语感知和言语产生过程中获得了 37 名患者的颅内录音。这些揭示了早期听觉皮层中具有不同解剖和功能特征的两种预测机制。第一个位于双侧 Heschl 回，并以低频相位为索引，预测声学事件的时间。第二个仅位于语言主导皮层的颞平面，并以高伽马功率为索引，显示出对声音刺激的瞬态响应，该响应在语音产生过程中被独特地抑制。对赫施尔脑回的计时刺激会选择性地扰乱言语感知，而刺激颞平面会选择性地扰乱言语产生。这项工作阐明了口语的基本声学基础设施（包括结构和功能），为人类神经生物学中语音感知和产生的认知模型奠定了基础。