Abstract

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a tropical plant belonging to the Malvaceae family. In Kurdistan, the Autonomous Region of Iraq, water infusion of H. sabdariffa calyces is recommended for the treatment of hypotension and the common cold. Three distillation techniques: hydrodistillation (HD), steam distillation (SD), and solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction (SFME) have been compared to obtain the essential oils from calyces. The composition of the extracts was investigated by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of 62 compounds have been identified, from which 55 components were found in HD distillates (95.75%), 37 components in SFME (96.06%), and 29 in SD (99.63%). Chemometric tools were applied to optimise and evidence the relation between distillation techniques and composition of the obtained essential oils as an investigation for the essential oils commercialisation approach of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. that have been done from a long time using conventional hydrodistillation in the local Herbal and Tea markets in Kurdistan.

摘要

Hibiscus sabdariffa L.是属于锦葵科的热带植物。在伊拉克自治区库尔德斯坦，H. sabdariffa的输水calyces 被推荐用于治疗低血压和普通感冒。比较了三种蒸馏技术：加氢蒸馏 (HD)、蒸汽蒸馏 (SD) 和无溶剂微波辅助萃取 (SFME) 从花萼中获取精油。通过GC-FID和GC-MS研究提取物的组成。共鉴定出 62 种化合物，其中 HD 馏出物中 55 种成分（95.75%）、SFME 中 37 种成分（96.06%）和 SD 中 29 种成分（99.63%）。化学计量学工具用于优化和证明蒸馏技术与所得精油成分之间的关​​系，作为对木槿精油商业化方法的调查L. 在库尔德斯坦当地的草药和茶叶市场上使用传统的加氢蒸馏很长时间以来就已经完成了。